…obesity. Gestational hypertension is defined in the supplied guideline material as blood pressure 140/90 mmHg on two separate occasions after 20 weeks of gestation…

…in the supine position in a cardiac arrest. For women beyond the 20 th week of pregnancy, or when the fundal height surpasses the umbilicus…

…after pharmacological treatment Duration and dose Risk of HPA suppression Tapering : : : < 3 weeks, at any dose Low Can be stopped straight away 3 weeks…

…70 % of the measurements are valid , with at least 20 daytime and 7 night time values, and with a measurement interval of no more than…

…sparingly Prepatellar and olecranon bursitis The bursa Exclude septic bursitis first Injection is considered when 4–6 weeks of adequate conservative treatment — modification of loading…

…eliminate it. Angiographic restenosis—defined in the source material as follow up diameter stenosis greater than 50%—occurred in 20–30% of patients, while clinically…

…foreign materials pose a high risk of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18% show significant…

…at least 3 weeks before cardioversion, or alternatively transoesophageal echocardiography to exclude thrombus After cardioversion, irrespective of duration An anticoagulant for at least 4 weeks…

…compression (20–30 mmHg) under vascular surgical supervision Diabetes with neuropathy Reduced compression, closer monitoring — the patient cannot feel pressure injury Peripheral neuropathy of other…

…a diameter of about 5 mm. Indication Size Comment : : : Clear urine, routine catheterisation in a woman Ch 12–14 A short catheter, about 20–25…

…up to 2 weeks after a heart attack. The larger the infarction, the higher the troponin level and the longer the duration of elevated troponin…

…margin must be included in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is…

…region. Duration above the threshold or unknown: at least three weeks of adequate anticoagulation before cardioversion — an INR ≥ 2.0 checked weekly on warfarin, or…

…produce post ischemic stunning. In the absence of infarction, contractile recovery can occur rapidly after reperfusion, with recovery generally occurring within one week. By contrast…

…can occur at any stage of pregnancy or after delivery, although more than 70% of cases occur early postpartum, most frequently during the first week…

…Transdermal (one patch lasts for a week): • Catapress TTS 1 (0.1 mg/24hrs). • Catapress TTS 2 (0.2 mg/24hrs) • Catapress TTS 3 (0…

…Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, a half life of several days and more than a hundred clinically relevant interactions. What determines whether the treatment…

…36 mm 13 17 mm/m2 Aortic arch 22 36 mm Descending aorta 20 30 mm ​Adjustment refers to adjusting for body surface area (BSA…

…paper speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10 mm. At 50 mm/s a small square (1 mm) corresponds to 20 ms…

…Use the table of contents to go straight to the relevant section. Aorta, normal values Normal range Normal range, indexed Aortic annulus 20 31 mm…

…stays above about 7.20. Different targets apply when the intracranial pressure is raised: normocapnia (PaCO₂ 4.5–5.0 kPa) and avoidance of hypoxia…

…Cycle length (ms) Heart rate (BPM) Cycle length (ms) 20 3000 215 279 25 2400 220 273 30 2000 225 267 35 1714 230 261…

…Time to onset of action 20 minutes Duration of action 5 to 8 hours Delivery IV Dose 1.25 to 5 mg IV followed by…

…< 4cm² or < 20% of atrial size 4 10 cm² or 20 40% of atrial size 10 cm² or 40% of atrial size Jet…

…penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU). Aortic dissection accounts for approximately 80%–90% of acute aortic syndromes, IMH for approximately 10%–20%, and PAU for about 5…

…They can identify troponin concentrations in approximately 50–95% of healthy individuals, whereas sensitive, but not high sensitivity, assays detect troponin in approximately 20–50%…

…most frequent cause, comprising approximately 20–25% of secondary hypertension cases. Coarctation of the aorta and renovascular disease are important non endocrine causes, particularly in…

…income countries for more than half a century, causing approximately 20% of all deaths in these regions. Mortality rates and case fatality in coronary artery…

…twice daily if at least two of: age ≥80 years, weight ≤60 kg, creatinine ≥133 µmol/L Rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily with food 15…

…about 19 h ESR Women < 20, men < 15 mm/h Rises slowly; raised by anaemia, age and pregnancy Procalcitonin < 0.25 µg…

…L) — choose the subcutaneous route if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself…

…in renal failure, heart failure, a history of peptic ulcer, and old age Titrate according to the effect and the respiratory rate, not to a…

…and aborts most attacks within 15–20 minutes. An undrained pneumothorax. A high oxygen concentration washes nitrogen out of the pleural air and speeds resorption…

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

…the same time By about 10 to 20 minutes at the latest Give a full loading dose of an intravenous antiseizure drug If the seizure…

…All individuals Risk factors : previous dissection, family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation, planning pregnancy, uncontrolled hypertension or annual growth 3 mm…

…Time to onset of action 1 minute Duration of action 20 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Loading dose: 500 μg/kg bolus over 1…

…Duration of action <4 hours. Delivery IV or IM. Dose Injections • IV: 10–40 mg every 4–6 hours • IM: 10–20 mg every 4…

…with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of vasopressors and inotropes Inotropes and vasopressors. Table 1. Drug manual…

…Hypertensive emergency, including in pregnancy. Postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Combined beta adrenergic and alpha adrenergic blocker with rapid onset of action. Labetalol has less…

…ATRIAL AREA LA area, cm2 <20 20–30 30–40 40 <20 20–30 30–40 40 ATRIAL VOLUMES LA volume, mL 22–52 53…

…2,7 , g/m2,7 18–44 45–51 52–58 59 20–48 49–55 56–63 64 Relative wall thickness, cm 0.22…

…124) 87–171 (128) 92–175 (135) 0.12 – 0.20 Q wave in III (mm) 0.1–5 0.1–5 0.1–5…

…32 33–37 38 RV systolic area, cm2 7.5–16 17–19 20–22 23 RV fractional area change, % 32–60 25–31 18…

…5% 5,0% 12,2% 5 5,6% 8,5% 14,3% 6 7 6,5% 15,8% 20,9% Interpretation of TIMI Risk Score…

Emergency medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) comprises a spectrum of clinical presentations caused by suspected acute myocardial ischaemia…

…5–10%, although some series report 10–20%. Other life threatening cardiopulmonary conditions account for approximately 5% of presentations in some populations. Despite this relatively…

…settings, while the broader lipid lowering recommendation refers to a recurrent event without requiring that it be of the same type as the initial event…

…lives therefore differ substantially: approximately 20 minutes for BNP and 90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations of the two peptides are not interchangeable…

…from approximately 20 to 60 MHz. Their principal advantage is tissue penetration, generally allowing assessment several millimetres beyond the lumen and visualization of the external…

…rates may reach 15%–20%, substantially exceeding those seen with native vessel PCI. Mechanisms The principal mechanism is distal embolization of atheromatous and thrombotic material…

…an occlusion length of at least 20 mm. These characteristics are incorporated into the J CTO score, which estimates the likelihood of successful antegrade guidewire…

…the results of all relevant investigations. Haemodynamic definition At rest, PH is defined invasively by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) greater than 20 mmHg…

…and reduction of infarct size. Earlier estimates approached 20%, whereas contemporary trials and observational databases report approximately 5–10%. Only about 10% of patients who…

…definition of MI. Clinically, UA is defined by one or more of the following patterns: Angina at rest, usually prolonged for more than 20 minutes…

…In in hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) 20 30% of victims have continuous ECG monitoring (telemetry), which allows instantaneous identification of the initial rhythm ( Thorén et…

…Loss of function (LOF) mutations in SCN5A lead to a reduction in the inward sodium current ($I {Na}$) and are identified in 20% to…

…Clinical presentation of Brugada syndrome Most patients are asymptomatic until the age of 20 to 55 years. The disorder may manifest with any of the…

…inadequate, consider an intravenous bolus of epinephrine (20 50 μg) or an epinephrine infusion (0.01 to 0.10 μg/kg/min). Pediatric…

…6–31.7%) Likelihood of survival to hospital admission was 22.0% (95% CI 20.7–23.4%) Likelihood of 30 day survival was 10…