Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG Posterior (posterolateral) acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) The heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the…

…ischaemia may still require urgent reperfusion assessment. Posterior myocardial infarction may be electrically subtle on the initial standard ECG. A nondiagnostic tracing therefore does not…

Conduction defects ECG Fascicular block (hemiblock): left anterior fascicular block & left posterior fascicular block Fascicular blocks were previously referred to as hemiblocks, but the latter…

…the right atrium. It normally consists of three leaflets (anterior, posterior and septal leaflet). The leaflets are attached to the subvalvular apparatus, consisting of the…

…with annulus fibrosus (the fibrous ring). The mitral valve has an anterior leaflet and a posterior leaflet . The anterior leaflet has a semi circular shape…

…commonly called vestibular neuritis, but posterior circulation stroke is the most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of…

…Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard site for both aspiration and biopsy in adults. Here the posterior part of the…

…posterior wall) ≤ 0.9 cm ≤ 1.0 cm Left atrial volume index ≤ 34 mL/m² ≤ 34 mL/m² TAPSE 17 mm 17 mm E/e…

…the eyes for a further period — reversal of the nystagmus is common. 6. Repeat on the left side. A positive test in the posterior canal…

…left posterior fascicular block −90° to ±180° Extreme axis deviation Amplitude criteria Criterion Threshold Suggests : : : Sokolow–Lyon S in V1 + R in V5/V6 35…

…dislocation requiring operative treatment — contact an orthopaedic surgeon before attempting reduction. Posterior shoulder dislocation, which is often associated with fracture and requires an orthopaedic surgeon…

…1.2 1.3–1.5 1.6 0.6–1.0 1.1–1.3 1.4–1.6 1.7 Posterior wall thickness…

…V7, V8 and V9 in patients with high suspicion of posterior acute myocardial infarction (e.g due to reciprocal ST segment depressions in V1, V2…

…atrium is activated passively. The upper boundary of this circuit may be located either anterior or posterior to the superior vena cava. A critical area…

…biphasic defibrillators , which are standard due to superior efficacy over monophasic devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral) does not affect success, but active…

…such as De Winter T waves, Wellens syndrome, posterior infarction signs, and terminal QRS distortion—compared to standard STEMI criteria. Observational data suggest that up…

…into the right and left bundle branches. The left bundle branch further divides into the anterior and posterior fascicles. Both the right bundle branch and…

…Coronary artery dominance: left dominance vs. right dominance The coronary artery that supplies the PDA (posterior descending coronary artery), which supplies the inferior wall of…

…hallucis longus tendon. Measure in the same way as on the arm. 4. Posterior tibial artery — behind the medial malleolus. Measure. 5. Repeat on the…

…to the posterior surface of the patella. The shoulder The patient sits with the arm hanging relaxed and slightly internally rotated. The posterior approach is…

…Advance the mask downwards along the posterior pharyngeal wall in a smooth movement until a clear resistance is felt — the tip of the cuff then…

…backwards, not upwards towards the bridge of the nose. The resistance at the posterior pharyngeal wall after about 10–15 cm is expected. 5. Ask…

…artery, which runs on the posterior aspect of the rectus muscle along its lateral border and is the commonest source of serious bleeding after paracentesis…

…it. A small (under 10 mm), loculated or purely posterior effusion with no safe route for puncture — surgical drainage or pericardiotomy instead. Relative: uncorrected coagulopathy…

…branches of the facial nerve at the temple, the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck, and the superficial nerves of the forearm…

…or polyps. Examination of the posterior pharyngeal wall may reveal secretions or a cobblestoned appearance of the mucosa. Laryngoscopy may be performed to assess for…

…Left posterior fascicular block is diagnosed when the axis is between 90° and 180° with rS complex in I and aVL as well as qR…

…Left posterior fascicular block is diagnosed when the axis is between 90° and 180° with rS complex in I and aVL as well as qR…

…Coronary artery dominance: left dominance vs. right dominance The coronary artery that supplies the PDA (posterior descending coronary artery), which supplies the inferior wall of…

…3), acute marginal branch (AM, 4), atrioventricular nodal branch (AV), right posterior descending artery (RPDA, 4), and right posterolateral branch (RPLB, 16). The LMCA (5…

…and the right bundle branch (RBB). The left bundle branch further divides into the anterior and posterior fascicles. The bundle branches and fascicles play a…

…low cardiac output and sensitivity to drugs that reduce preload. Posterolateral (posterior, inferobasal) STEMI (STE ACS) The heart is rotated 30° to the left in…

…fibers from the left bundle branch. Coronary artery dominance The coronary artery that supplies the PDA (posterior descending coronary artery), which supplies the inferior wall…

…or inflammation around the object. A small, smooth or transparent object lying posteriorly or superiorly. Attempts already made and failed elsewhere. A child who cannot…