…heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure 1…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Posterior myocardial infarction is myocardial necrosis involving the posterior region of the left ventricle, usually as part…

…or functional block in the anterior fascicle. Depolarization of the left ventricle will depend entirely on the posterior fascicle. The initial vector will be directed…

…the right atrium. It normally consists of three leaflets (anterior, posterior and septal leaflet). The leaflets are attached to the subvalvular apparatus, consisting of the…

…with annulus fibrosus (the fibrous ring). The mitral valve has an anterior leaflet and a posterior leaflet . The anterior leaflet has a semi circular shape…

…commonly called vestibular neuritis, but posterior circulation stroke is the most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of…

…Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard site for both aspiration and biopsy in adults. Here the posterior part of the…

…posterior wall) ≤ 0.9 cm ≤ 1.0 cm Left atrial volume index ≤ 34 mL/m² ≤ 34 mL/m² TAPSE 17 mm 17 mm E/e…

…the eyes for a further period — reversal of the nystagmus is common. 6. Repeat on the left side. A positive test in the posterior canal…

…90° Left axis deviation — left anterior fascicular block, inferior infarction, hypertrophy +90° to +180° Right axis deviation — right ventricular strain, lateral infarction, left posterior fascicular…

…dislocation requiring operative treatment — contact an orthopaedic surgeon before attempting reduction. Posterior shoulder dislocation, which is often associated with fracture and requires an orthopaedic surgeon…

Visual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle) TYPE OF MOTION DEFINITION WALL MOTION SCORE Normal Normal thickening (typically 30% thickening from end diastole to…

…V7, V8 and V9 in patients with high suspicion of posterior acute myocardial infarction (e.g due to reciprocal ST segment depressions in V1, V2…

…septum. The left atrium is activated passively. The upper boundary of this circuit may be located either anterior or posterior to the superior vena cava…

…biphasic defibrillators , which are standard due to superior efficacy over monophasic devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral) does not affect success, but active…

…such as De Winter T waves, Wellens syndrome, posterior infarction signs, and terminal QRS distortion—compared to standard STEMI criteria. Observational data suggest that up…

…of His, which bifurcates into the right and left bundle branches. The left bundle branch further divides into the anterior and posterior fascicles. Both the…

…90% of individuals, the right coronary artery gives off the posterior descending artery (PDA) which supplies the inferior wall of the left ventricle. When the…

…hallucis longus tendon. Measure in the same way as on the arm. 4. Posterior tibial artery — behind the medial malleolus. Measure. 5. Repeat on the…

…to the posterior surface of the patella. The shoulder The patient sits with the arm hanging relaxed and slightly internally rotated. The posterior approach is…

…Advance the mask downwards along the posterior pharyngeal wall in a smooth movement until a clear resistance is felt — the tip of the cuff then…

…backwards, not upwards towards the bridge of the nose. The resistance at the posterior pharyngeal wall after about 10–15 cm is expected. 5. Ask…

…straightforward: ultrasound to find the fluid, an insertion site in the left lower quadrant lateral to the rectus sheath, and a cell count plus albumin…

…it. A small (under 10 mm), loculated or purely posterior effusion with no safe route for puncture — surgical drainage or pericardiotomy instead. Relative: uncorrected coagulopathy…

…branches of the facial nerve at the temple, the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck, and the superficial nerves of the forearm…

…or polyps. Examination of the posterior pharyngeal wall may reveal secretions or a cobblestoned appearance of the mucosa. Laryngoscopy may be performed to assess for…

…Left posterior fascicular block is diagnosed when the axis is between 90° and 180° with rS complex in I and aVL as well as qR…

…Left posterior fascicular block is diagnosed when the axis is between 90° and 180° with rS complex in I and aVL as well as qR…

…10) LCX = Left circumflex artery proximal segment (11) obtuse marginal branch (OM) (12) distal segment (13) left posterolateral branch (PL) (14) posterior descending artery…

…and left circumflex (LCx) coronary artery territories, resulting in extensive myocardial ischemia or infarction involving the anterior, septal, and lateral walls, and the posterior wall…

…bifurcates into the left bundle branch (LBB) and the right bundle branch (RBB). The left bundle branch further divides into the anterior and posterior fascicles…

…heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure 1…

…left bundle branch. Coronary artery dominance The coronary artery that supplies the PDA (posterior descending coronary artery), which supplies the inferior wall of the left…

…or inflammation around the object. A small, smooth or transparent object lying posteriorly or superiorly. Attempts already made and failed elsewhere. A child who cannot…