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Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…acromion , in the middle of the muscle belly, within the inverted triangle formed between the acromion and the lower tip of the muscle insertion. 3…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…inserted close to the upper border of the rib, never at the lower border where the neurovascular bundle lies, and the drainage is stopped for…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile response. A neutropenic patient with a suspected infection and organ dysfunction…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…in three lengths: short for children and slim limbs, medium for most adults, long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus…

Paracentesis

…Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first choice : the abdominal wall is thinner there than on the right, and the…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…more severe and lower the seizure threshold [6]. This explains why a history of previous withdrawal seizures or delirium tremens is one of the strongest…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…endpoint. The cardiovascular benefits of cessation extend across primary and secondary prevention. Observational evidence indicates that cessation lowers the risk of peripheral artery disease, myocardial…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and suspected obstructive ileus (an opioid can be given for the pain…

Lumbar puncture

…roots of the cauda equina. If in doubt: choose a level lower, never higher. 3. Mark the puncture site, clean in wide circles and apply…

Arterial line

…course of the artery. 4. When pulsatile blood appears in the hub: lower the angle to close to the plane of the skin and advance…

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