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Joint aspiration

…injection. A needle of 0.8–1.2 × 50 mm for large joints (knee, shoulder), 0.5–0.6 × 25 mm for small joints (wrist…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…or a damaged nail fold edge Nail avulsion and inspection of the nail bed, with suture of any nail bed laceration Contraindications There are no…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum. Routine gynaecological examination of asymptomatic…

Central venous catheter

…not the subclavian. Thresholds for INR and platelet count before insertion differ between regions and departments — follow local protocol. Severe lung disease or a contralateral…

Wound suturing

…on the hand. These are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic…

Short Synacthen test

…the day of the test can therefore be given dexamethasone. That is the practical key: the patient does not have to be left unprotected for…

Oesophageal ECG

…range of about 15–40 Hz , and adjust the gain so that the atrial deflections are clear without clipping. 4. Estimate the depth of insertion…

Common laboratory tests

…of thyroid disease; repeat it once the patient has recovered. Pitfalls Haemolysis raises the potassium, LDH and AST and lowers the haptoglobin. A tourniquet left…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…PH) is a heterogeneous pathophysiological disorder characterized primarily by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. It may arise from pulmonary vascular disease, left sided cardiac disease…

Paracentesis

…left side so that the fluid collects in the left flank. Have the patient empty the bladder first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left…

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