…never happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant solutions: vasopressors, concentrated…

…a fracture in the cribriform plate into the cranium Absolute Corrosive injury of the oesophagus or stomach after ingestion of a caustic substance Absolute Choanal…

…local practice Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of pneumothorax…

…Etiologies of tension pneumothorax include: Traumatic injuries (blunt force, lacerations, gunshot wounds) Asthmatic episodes Iatrogenic events (e.g., during central venous catheter insertion) Underlying lung…

…but some laboratories do not accept marrow blood in their analysers — check locally. Contraindications Peripheral venous cannula: Infection, burns or trauma at the puncture site…

…first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first choice : the abdominal wall is thinner there than on the right, and…

…larger , since a mask that is too small leaks and gives a poorer seal. Procedure Insertion of the laryngeal mask 1. Check the mask, remove…

…base of skull fracture or marked coagulopathy argues against the nasal route; the oral route may then be considered. Preparation and equipment A 12 lead…

…of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand. Vascular disease in the limb: marked peripheral…

…poorer absorption. Injection into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An…