…cribriform plate into the cranium Absolute Corrosive injury of the oesophagus or stomach after ingestion of a caustic substance Absolute Choanal atresia or an occluded…

…down into the larynx. The difficult airway rarely kills because the tube would not pass, but because the team keeps trying to intubate instead of…

…increase the entry of salicylate into the central nervous system. Discuss the case early with the poison control centre and with anaesthesia or intensive care…

…clean with a tracheostomy or copious secretions Subclavian vein Most comfortable for the patient, the most stable dressing, lowest risk of infection and thrombosis with…

…risk of hypercapnia has been assessed. 3. Take an arterial blood gas in respiratory compromise, low saturation, suspected carbon dioxide retention, reduced consciousness, or when…

…and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury, anaphylaxis, deep neck infection, an expanding haematoma…

…after a life threatening ingestion of a highly toxic substance, where the patient arrives within about 1 hour (a liquid preparation) or 2 hours (tablets…

…7 days or doxycycline 200 mg × 1 on day 1, then 100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime…

…the stroke call. 2. Establish the time of symptom onset or the time last known to be well. 3. Assess airway, breathing and circulation. 4…

…sick sinus syndrome or high grade AV block without pacemaker protection. Asthma and other marked obstructive airways disease — relative; the risk of bronchospasm is real…