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Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…and Clinical Role Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is a catheter based investigation that visualizes the coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…for pain). An opioid is rarely the right choice in nociplastic or neuropathic pain, in chronic non cancer pain, or in headache. A failure to…

Spirometry

…surgery 1 month Neurosurgery or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…causally responsible. This distinction is important because AKI after a contrast study frequently occurs in patients with several simultaneous renal insults. Infection, hypovolaemia, cardiac dysfunction…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…classification comprises five groups: Group 1: Pulmonary arterial hypertension Group 2: PH due to left heart disease Group 3: PH due to chronic lung disease…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…change of treatment. Common precipitants are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be identified [1,2]. Ask specifically…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…severe (DS CRB65 0–1) phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 g × 3 PO 5–7 days or benzylpenicillin 3 g × 3 IV Pneumonia, in chronic lung disease amoxicillin…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…4. Culture only in the presence of clinical signs of infection — all chronic wounds are colonised, and a culture taken without clinical suspicion leads only…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…approximately 30–40% and in death of approximately 35–45%. In chronic coronary syndrome, cessation has been associated with a 36% reduction in premature mortality…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…cancer, chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, a pulse ≥ 110/min, a systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg and a saturation < 90 per cent. An…

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