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Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum. Routine gynaecological examination of asymptomatic…

Paracentesis

…Have the patient empty the bladder first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first choice : the abdominal wall is thinner…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…in particular that exceeds the patient's normal variation and requires a change of treatment. Common precipitants are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

Cardiology Continous medical discussion: the ECG blog Infectious diseases Cardiovascular effects of COVID 19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) has caused a global public health…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…foreign materials pose a high risk of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18% show significant…

Wound suturing

…The commonest cause of wound infection is retained contamination, not poor suture technique — and the commonest cause of permanent loss of function is a tendon…

Central venous catheter

…never happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant solutions: vasopressors, concentrated…

Endotracheal intubation

…bougie taken out and shaped before induction , a syringe for the cuff, a cuff manometer. A laryngeal mask of the correct size as a rescue…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…local practice Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of pneumothorax…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…a neutropenic patient is an emergency. Infection can progress rapidly, while the typical local signs of inflammation may be faint or absent. Take cultures immediately…

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