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Abscess incision and drainage

…two ways the procedure fails: the incision is too small, so that the cavity closes again within a day, and the abscess sits somewhere that…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…myocardial infarction and stroke Likelihood of repeat revascularization Symptom burden and treatment goals Diabetes, left ventricular function and other comorbidities Surgical risk and contraindications to…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…lower sensitivity and specificity in women. This may be due to the following: Atherosclerosis is generally less severe in women. Women tend to have more…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…represent coronary atherothrombotic events in the setting of a stent thrombosis or restenosis. Type 1 myocardial infarction Definition and pathophysiology Type 1 MI results from…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…first The induction of vomiting has no place in the modern treatment of poisoning. Charcoal also does not bind every poison. With the following substances…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and following complex PCI. Stent thrombosis remains multifactorial, reflecting interactions between patient related, lesion related, device related, and procedural factors…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…stented segment rather than by negative remodelling. Pathophysiology Neointimal hyperplasia The principal mechanism of ISR is neointimal hyperplasia following vessel wall injury. PCI and stent…

Deceased donor organ donation

…Indirect criteria after circulatory arrest, following a five minute no touch period The circulation at retrieval Maintained up to retrieval Ceased; warm ischaemic time is…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…4a MI: Represents a periprocedural myocardial infarction associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Type 4b MI: Denotes myocardial infarction related to stent thrombosis following PCI…

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