…cases of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and…

…the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications A fracture dislocation requiring…

…as an open fracture. The anatomy of the nail apparatus The terminology is hard to follow without a picture, and several of the steps below…

…dislocation. Immobilisation of a ligament injury, a tendon injury, or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture…

…cannula in a large vein gives many times the flow of a fine needle, and collapsed veins mean that the fine needle is in addition…

…passages and choose the more patent one. Ask the patient about a previous nasal fracture or unilateral nasal obstruction. 2. Measure the depth of insertion…

…words massive haemorrhage , and state the patient's location and identity, the presumed cause of bleeding, and how the products are to be delivered. 2…

Procedurer Almost all nosebleeds arise from Kiesselbach's plexus on the anterior septum and stop with correctly performed compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often…

…depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and suspected obstructive ileus (an opioid can be given for the pain…

…of the sternum. The depth is usually around 30–40 cm. Mark the measurement on the electrode. 5. Anaesthetise the pharynx with lidocaine spray and…

…hip fracture, major surgery and intensive care [1,2]. The condition is associated with falls, aspiration, pressure sores, loss of function, longer length of stay…

…measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign…

…catheter is not easier to pass. With a difficult passage it is the shape of the tip and the technique that matter, not the calibre…

…Stent fracture or collapse Residual edge dissection Incomplete lesion preparation Persistent stenosis within the treated segment Mechanical factors are particularly important because correction of the…

…of acute myocardial infarction Procedural and mechanical Stent underexpansion, incomplete wall apposition, residual inflow or outflow disease, edge dissection, overlapping stents, crush technique, stent fracture…

…remains unknown ( Guildner et al ). Jaw thrust is preferred if there is suspicion of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should…

…diagnosis of NSTE ACS and a high probability of unstable angina (UA), and patients whose initial findings are less definitive. The defining electrocardiographic feature is…

…activation of the STEMI pathway is ischaemic type chest discomfort, although dyspnoea may also be a presenting feature. The source material emphasizes that patients and…

…mechanism of preeclampsia remains incompletely established. Proposed contributors include chronic uteroplacental ischaemia, an exaggerated maternal inflammatory response, and disturbed angiogenic signalling. A central biochemical feature…

…oxygen supply and demand, which is not related to acute coronary atherothrombosis. By definition, acute atherothrombotic plaque disruption is not a feature of Type 2…

…A single central feature is enough to proceed with urgent investigation , and a normal CT of the brain does not exclude an infarction in the…

…Diagnosis of ST Elevation Several nonischemic conditions can produce ST segment elevations that mimic acute myocardial infarction. Acute pericarditis is a primary differential diagnosis and…

…of broad and typically notched R waves in leads I, aVL, and the left precordial leads, and narrow r waves followed by broad, deep S…

…5. Biopsy any ulcer that has not healed within three months despite adequate treatment — malignancy (Marjolin's ulcer, basal cell carcinoma) and vasculitis do occur…

…In patients with HFpEF, acute hypertension is a frequent trigger of decompensation and may produce abrupt pulmonary oedema, sometimes requiring non invasive ventilation or intubation…

…cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE), and improves walking distance. The role of PCSK9 inhibition in thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease…

…a population of individuals unable or unwilling to take statins, bempedoic acid 180 mg daily produced approximately 21% reductions in both LDL C and hsCRP…

…the most distinguishing feature was the characteristic ST segment elevations in leads V1–V3. Prevalence and genetics of Brugada syndrome The prevalence of Brugada syndrome…

…this: an ECG can be fed directly into a classifier with no human feature extraction, in principle delivering LVEF's practical advantages with better discrimination…