…small arteries in the kidneys, retina, and brain. Its clinical retinal signature includes flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and papilloedema. Associated complications may include encephalopathy…

…the symptoms that should make them seek help immediately. Indications An undisplaced or reduced fracture to be treated conservatively. Immobilisation after reduction of a dislocation…

…deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example — may be enough to precipitate the condition [1,2]. Delirium is common but often missed…

…an intravenous cannula. 4. Tape the drawstring to a gauze pad against the cheek so that the packing cannot slip backwards. 5. Place a second…

…below refer to structures that are not visible when looking at the nail. The nail plate is the hard, visible nail. The nail bed is…

…previous nasal fracture or unilateral nasal obstruction. 2. Measure the depth of insertion by laying the tube from the tip of the nose to the…

…is made without reduction for incomplete cross tolerance. Indications Acute severe nociceptive pain where paracetamol and a COX inhibitor are not enough: fracture, renal colic…

…access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured, or a major injury proximal to the puncture site. A…

…in a first time dislocation , so as not to reduce a fracture dislocation or to miss a posterior dislocation. The exceptions are an obvious recurrent…

…only 3–5 cm and almost straight, but the meatus can be hard to find in older women. Two things separate the safe catheterisation from…

…fails to detect cardiac activity. This may be due to lead dislodgement, lead fracture or inadequate myocardial contact. It may also be due to the…

…gaze may suggest an orbital floor fracture. 4. Topical anaesthesia into the lower fornix. 5. Evert the upper eyelid. Ask the patient to look down…

…oxygen transport and haemostatic capacity, but it cannot compensate for an uncontrolled source of bleeding. Minimise the time to surgery, endoscopy, an obstetric procedure or…

…difficulties that prevent the patient from cooperating. Suspected base of skull fracture or marked coagulopathy argues against the nasal route; the oral route may then…

…BMS). Clinical ISR is generally defined by recurrent symptoms or ischaemic events attributable to renarrowing within the stented segment or at its margins. Angiographic restenosis…

…used for type 1 myocardial infarction are fulfilled. The temporal relationship to stent implantation should always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich…

…the interventions available in BLS, the number needed to treat (NNT) for the ACLS specific interventions is much higher or uncertain, meaning that the efficacy…

…and demand, which is not related to acute coronary atherothrombosis. By definition, acute atherothrombotic plaque disruption is not a feature of Type 2 MI. The…

…ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and, in the worst case, amputation…

…rationale Bempedoic acid is an oral, small molecule lipid lowering agent used to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C), particularly when statins cannot be…

…leads generally indicates very severe ischemia [15]. A key distinguishing feature of ischemic ST elevation is the presence of prominent reciprocal ST depression [4]. Furthermore…

…criteria for complete and incomplete LBBB: Feature Complete LBBB Incomplete LBBB QRS Duration $\ge 120$ msec [3] 110 to 119 msec [3] Morphology Broad…

…according to the initial ECG and clinical presentation. For suspected NSTE ACS, the immediate clinical questions are: Is there a very high risk feature requiring…

…hypertension, and preeclampsia. Collectively, they affect approximately 5–15% of pregnancies worldwide and are major contributors to maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Their…

…myocardial injury is strongly influenced by total ischaemic time. This interval includes: The time from symptom onset to recognition and seeking medical assistance. Prehospital assessment…

…syndrome – appeared to be hereditary, since many patients reported a family history of the same symptoms and events. Perhaps the most distinguishing feature was the…

…by an inexperienced examiner it is unreliable. A single central feature is enough to proceed with urgent investigation , and a normal CT of the brain…

…human feature extraction, in principle delivering LVEF's practical advantages with better discrimination. The missing ingredient has been a training set large enough to link…

…C by approximately 50–60%, including in patients receiving background statin therapy and in those unable to tolerate statins, provided that hepatic LDL receptor expression…