…small arteries in the kidneys, retina, and brain. Its clinical retinal signature includes flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and papilloedema. Associated complications may include encephalopathy…

…the symptoms that should make them seek help immediately. Indications An undisplaced or reduced fracture to be treated conservatively. Immobilisation after reduction of a dislocation…

…deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example — may be enough to precipitate the condition [1,2]. Delirium is common but often missed…

…an intravenous cannula. 4. Tape the drawstring to a gauze pad against the cheek so that the packing cannot slip backwards. 5. Place a second…

…below refer to structures that are not visible when looking at the nail. The nail plate is the hard, visible nail. The nail bed is…

…previous nasal fracture or unilateral nasal obstruction. 2. Measure the depth of insertion by laying the tube from the tip of the nose to the…

…is made without reduction for incomplete cross tolerance. Indications Acute severe nociceptive pain where paracetamol and a COX inhibitor are not enough: fracture, renal colic…

…access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured, or a major injury proximal to the puncture site. A…

…in a first time dislocation , so as not to reduce a fracture dislocation or to miss a posterior dislocation. The exceptions are an obvious recurrent…

…only 3–5 cm and almost straight, but the meatus can be hard to find in older women. Two things separate the safe catheterisation from…