…dislocation requiring operative treatment — contact an orthopaedic surgeon before attempting reduction. Posterior shoulder dislocation, which is often associated with fracture and requires an orthopaedic surgeon…

…The nasal cannula, the simple mask and the reservoir mask deliver an FiO2 that varies with the patient's minute ventilation: a markedly hyperventilating pati

Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

…access cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment is needed. Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged seizure, repeated doses of benzodiazepine…

…unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes of first medical contact, attach…

…imaging, the blood count or contact with the patient's own clinic delay empirical antibiotics [1]. A practical target: give the first dose of broad…

…A blood gas with lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to 15 min Ringer's acetate for…

…and dangerous in a few. The male urethra is about 25 cm long with two curves and a prostate that can grip; the female urethra…

…benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your national or regional poison…

…risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before inserting the needle — alcohol carried in with the needle stings…

…the frequency is reduced when studying distant objects). These concepts have been discussed in detail previously. The gain is regulated with TGC and gain control …

…The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence where there is a discrepancy or…

…leader and one person responsible for recording the transfusions, the sampling, the incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access…

…the tympanic membrane — including a history of grommets, ear discharge or pain on contact with water. A history of ear surgery in which the middle…

…main principle behind artificial pacemakers; i.e applying an external electrical current that depolarizes cells in contact with the lead tip, and thus generate an…

…than baseline. Contact relatives, home care services, the residential care home or the previous care provider. 5. Confirm delirium with a structured instrument , for example…

…or an intraocular foreign body — shield the eye with a rigid shield, give systemic antibiotics and contact an ophthalmologist urgently . A positive Seidel's sign…

…and record an ECG. 2. Confirm the potassium with a repeat sample, but do not delay treatment when there are ECG changes, circulatory compromise or…

…is staffed around the clock for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning…

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

…Contact your national or regional poison control centre for advice on the treatment threshold and on whether haemodialysis should be considered. Rhabdomyolysis with marked elevation…

…intravenous access, fluid and early contact with anaesthesia or intensive care Refractory anaphylaxis Persisting airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of…

…discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the…

…secondary prevention 8 Contact the endoscopist and the consultant on call early. In cirrhosis or suspected variceal bleeding, also contact a gastroenterologist with hepatology expertise…

…the bedside. The check against the patient's own identity immediately before transfusion is the single most important safety measure in the entire chain. In…

…any retrieval: it begins when someone in the intensive care unit identifies a possible donor and the deceased person's own wishes are properly established…

…Malaise Fever Pericardial or chest discomfort Leukocytosis Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate Pericardial effusion Pericardial pain is often sharp and pleuritic. It may worsen with inspiration…

…consideration of additional leads. Evaluation and Physical Examination At first medical contact, assessment should occur concurrently with acquisition of the initial ECG. Evaluation includes prompt…

…etc. Most cases of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less…

…response system using your local emergency number. Contact the nearest intensive care unit with expertise in toxicological emergencies. Antidote Administer the specific antidote promptly upon…

…Raynaud's phenomenon. Preparation and equipment Liquid nitrogen in a flask (−196 °C) and a cryospray gun with interchangeable nozzles, or a cryoprobe for contact…

…when the shock is delivered, and that the thromboembolic risk has been dealt with before the atria begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that…

…segment depression, ST segment elevation) and T wave changes . The reader may wish to view the video lecture on The ST segment, J point, J…

…half of the heart, it is important to familiarize yourself with the principles of hemodynamics and conditions prevailing on the right side. Echocardiography is the…

…into several sheets wrapping around the ventricle with varying orientation. This organization allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way…

…the S3 segment. SGLT2 also mediates proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, with chloride following passively down the resulting electrochemical gradient. By inhibiting SGLT2, these drugs produce…

…organized into several sheets that wrap around the ventricle with varying orientation. As explained below, this enables the ventricle to contract in several directions simultaneously…

…waves reflected from myocardium will have a lower Doppler shift, as compared with waves reflected from erythrocytes. (2) Whereas reflections from erythrocytes have low amplitude…

…well with the severity and extent of ischemia. In the setting of moderate ischemia, the myocardium becomes hypokinetic, meaning that the ischemic segments contract less…

…a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded. 10. Contact nephrology early in severe, progressive or diagnostically unclear AKI. Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute…

…Contractile cells start to contract a few milliseconds after the start of the depolarization and they start relaxing a few milliseconds after the repolarization is…