…output, respiration, chest findings, MAP and the response to every intervention Within 60 min Contact intensive care in shock, rapidly progressive organ dysfunction, respiratory failure…

…early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children, a need for an antidote or dialysis, and whenever the…

…contaminated with the toxicant. Irrigate skin and eyes using saline solution (NaCl) if suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due to aspiration…

…40 with respiratory symptoms, and occupational exposure to dust, gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known…

…oedema, together with at least one of the following: airway compromise respiratory compromise circulatory compromise severe gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly after exposure to a drug, insect…

…changes CT angiography The standard investigation in acute stroke to identify large vessel occlusion, dissection or other vascular pathology CT perfusion Used with an unclear…

…and unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes of first medical contact…

…contraindications to instrumental removal: Suspected penetrating injury or an intraocular foreign body — shield the eye with a rigid shield, give systemic antibiotics and contact an…

…opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more. Discuss this with the…

…contraindications to irrigation: A known or suspected perforation of the tympanic membrane — including a history of grommets, ear discharge or pain on contact with water…

…In parallel with the drug treatment Resuscitation, investigation and drug treatment must proceed simultaneously. Do not wait for laboratory results, CT or EEG before the…

…with sterile water according to the volume printed on the catheter , usually 10 mL in adults. Do not use saline — the salt can crystallise and…

…contact and interpreted within a target of 10 minutes. Prehospital ECG acquisition can shorten the time to diagnosis and facilitate triage of patients with suspected…

…Contact technique with a cryoprobe gives a deeper and more controlled freeze on flat surfaces; spray technique is better on irregular surfaces and in the…

…useful and is consistent with commonly used guidelines [1,3]. Level Plasma potassium Management : : : Mild 5.5 to 5.9 mmol/L Confirm the value…

…from the suspected focus, but avoid sampling that delays antibiotics 6 Take a targeted history and examine the patient, with particular attention to the mouth…

…Contact the endoscopist and the consultant on call early. In cirrhosis or suspected variceal bleeding, also contact a gastroenterologist with hepatology expertise 9 Activate the…

…several sheets wrapping around the ventricle with varying orientation. This organization allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way (Figure…

…in every population. Hypoactive delirium is, however, consistently underdiagnosed, and several studies have linked the subtype to high mortality, particularly in intensive care [5]. Suspect…

…to be delivered. 2. Designate a team leader and one person responsible for recording the transfusions, the sampling, the incoming products and contact with the…

…an external electrical current that depolarizes cells in contact with the lead tip, and thus generate an action potential that will spread through the myocardium…

…least equivalent to a liberal one in virtually every group studied. Transfuse one unit at a time and assess the effect clinically and with a…

…the skin with the thumb and index finger, or compress the muscle in a slim patient. 4. Insert the needle perpendicularly , quickly and firmly, to…

…contact between inflamed pericardial layers. It may have up to three components per cardiac cycle and is often best heard at end expiration with the…

…discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the…

…out of the pleural air and speeds resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is given irrespective of the saturation according to international guidelines…

…together with the antidotes. Material for immobilisation: a shoulder sling, a dorsal backslab, and a colleague to help. Analgesia and sedation The options, in ascending…

…V3R and V4R to detect concomitant right ventricular infarction. IIa B Routine blood sampling for serum markers is indicated as soon as possible in the…

…of failure to capture is insufficient stimulus energy. Modern pacemakers have built in functions to calibrate the stimulus amplitude and width according to myocardial excitability…

…are obtained with the patient in the supine position. In order to obtain the best possible image quality, patient safety and ergonomics for the operator…

…The diagnosis and the donor care The time from withdrawal of treatment to circulatory arrest Indications An intensive care patient with severe brain injury in…

…to alkalinise, and the sodium and volume load becomes pure harm. Dialysis is then the way forward. Heart failure, pulmonary oedema and other conditions with…

…varies, and this allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way. Muscle fibers adjacent to the endocardium are longitudinally oriented…

…with chloride following passively down the resulting electrochemical gradient. By inhibiting SGLT2, these drugs produce coupled sodium and glucose loss in approximately a 1:1…

…NSTEMI) in detail. Although myocardial ischemia may affect every aspect of the ECG – from heart rhythm to QTc interval – the most prominent and reliable ECG…

…dealt with before the atria begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that happens to fall in the T wave can precipitate ventricular fibrillation, and…

…both in outpatient and emergency care. To evaluate the presence of right ventricular load, a variety of echocardiographic parameters are used. Examination of the right…

…well with the severity and extent of ischemia. In the setting of moderate ischemia, the myocardium becomes hypokinetic, meaning that the ischemic segments contract less…

…myocardium generates reflections with high amplitude and low Doppler shift. To analyze reflections from the myocardium, the ultrasound machine filters out all other reflected sound…

…9. Request ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract when a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded. 10. Contact nephrology early in severe, progressive or…

…stimulated in order to evoke an action potential. Upon stimulation, sodium (Na+) channels open which causes a rapid influx of sodium and depolarizes the cell…