…flexed to 90 degrees. The forearm is moved very slowly outwards in the horizontal plane , with pauses each time the patient tenses, until the joint…

…the lung injury. Discuss with your national or regional poison control centre. An open flame or smoking in the room: a fire hazard. Preparation and…

…C Reperfusion therapy Management Recommendation Level of evidence Reperfusion is indicated in all patients with symptoms of ischaemia of <12 h duration and persistent ST…

…Use intraosseous access if intravenous access cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment is needed. Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged…

…unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes of first medical contact, attach…

…9 Contact the haematologist or oncologist. Contact an infectious diseases physician early in a high risk course, in instability, with resistance problems, or with suspected…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…The balloon is filled with sterile water according to the volume printed on the catheter , usually 10 mL in adults. Do not use saline — the…

…With very large quantities of an extremely toxic preparation, lavage can be discussed later. Lavage must never be performed routinely in poisoning — it rarely alters…

…risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before inserting the needle — alcohol carried in with the needle stings…

…Patients with extensive subcutaneous fat require harder pressure. Orientation index marker All ultrasound transducers have an index marker, which is used for orienting in the…

…in ischaemic stroke, Nationell arbetsgrupp Stroke (the national stroke working group), version 4 of 27 February 2024. The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with…

…contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of the bleeding in…

…grommets, ear discharge or pain on contact with water. A history of ear surgery in which the middle ear may be open (a mastoid cavity…

…main principle behind artificial pacemakers; i.e applying an external electrical current that depolarizes cells in contact with the lead tip, and thus generate an…

…several non pharmacological measures at the same time, and use drugs only in severe agitation or marked distress. Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome and…

…the eye with a rigid shield, give systemic antibiotics and contact an ophthalmologist urgently . A positive Seidel's sign. A foreign body centrally in the…

…raise the potassium. Assess the urine output and ask when the patient last passed urine. Contact intensive care in circulatory compromise, serious arrhythmia, marked QRS…

…Rapid sequence induction is used when intubation is required [1]. In salicylate poisoning, intubation with an inadequate minute ventilation can rapidly worsen the acidaemia and…

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

…tests: blood gas with electrolytes, sodium, potassium, ionised calcium, creatinine, CK in rhabdomyolysis, and salicylate concentration in poisoning. Procedure 1. Contact your national or regional…

…intravenous access, fluid and early contact with anaesthesia or intensive care Refractory anaphylaxis Persisting airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of…

…discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the…

…Fluid and monitoring Use a balanced crystalloid in the first instance. Give small boluses, for example 250 to 500 mL, with immediate reassessment of the…

…is rarely the right measure. Contraindications Anaemia that can be corrected with iron, B12 or folate in a stable patient. Transfusion given solely to reach…

…the deceased — in the donation register, on a donor card, or through statements made to the next of kin. Active malignancy with a risk of…

…by contact between inflamed pericardial layers. It may have up to three components per cardiac cycle and is often best heard at end expiration with…

…or electrical instability. Posterior infarction may occur in patients with a clinically unstable acute coronary syndrome, but the examination does not reliably establish or exclude…

…Figure 6. Tachyarrhythmia with ventricular pacing. Failure to capture Definition : pacing does not result in myocardial activation. Two types of failure to capture should be…

…response system using your local emergency number. Contact the nearest intensive care unit with expertise in toxicological emergencies. Antidote Administer the specific antidote promptly upon…

…Contact technique with a cryoprobe gives a deeper and more controlled freeze on flat surfaces; spray technique is better on irregular surfaces and in the…

…thromboembolic risk has been dealt with before the atria begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that happens to fall in the T wave can…

…syndromes. Subsequent chapters will deal with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (Non STEMI, NSTEMI) in detail. Although…

…ventricular load, a variety of echocardiographic parameters are used. Examination of the right ventricle with echocardiography The right ventricle is relatively difficult to examine, which…

…into several sheets wrapping around the ventricle with varying orientation. This organization allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way…

…with chloride following passively down the resulting electrochemical gradient. By inhibiting SGLT2, these drugs produce coupled sodium and glucose loss in approximately a 1:1…

…organized into several sheets that wrap around the ventricle with varying orientation. As explained below, this enables the ventricle to contract in several directions simultaneously…

…Pulsed tissue Doppler uses a sample volume where the velocity is recorded (Figure 1). Figure 1. Pulsed tissue doppler with sample volume in the mitral…

…This is useful in emergency medicine since the presence of wall motion abnormalities in a patient with chest pain strongly suggests myocardial ischemia as the…

…a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded. 10. Contact nephrology early in severe, progressive or diagnostically unclear AKI. Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute…

…by a repolarization (recovery). The action potential occurs in all cardiac cells but its appearance varies depending on cell type. During de and repolarization ions…