…by contact between inflamed pericardial layers. It may have up to three components per cardiac cycle and is often best heard at end expiration with…

…of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include…

…prophylactic intubation reduces aspiration or mortality. It has on the contrary been associated with more pneumonia and a longer stay, although the results are influenced…

…unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes of first medical contact, attach…

…with the child in the supine position. This is possible due to the small distance between the heart and the ultrasound transducer, and because less…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

…access cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment is needed. Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged seizure, repeated doses of benzodiazepine…

…with the legs slightly apart. Create a sterile field and lay out the equipment. 2. Retract the foreskin and clean the glans and meatus with…

…a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded. 10. Contact nephrology early in severe, progressive or diagnostically unclear AKI. Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute…

…cryospray gun with interchangeable nozzles, or a cryoprobe for contact technique. Cotton buds for small lesions (these give a more superficial and less controllable depth…

…particularly in women. The T wave inversion is concordant with the QRS complex. Leas V7–V9 : should display a positive T wave. ST segment changes…

…well with the severity and extent of ischemia. In the setting of moderate ischemia, the myocardium becomes hypokinetic, meaning that the ischemic segments contract less…

…imaging, the blood count or contact with the patient's own clinic delay empirical antibiotics [1]. A practical target: give the first dose of broad…

Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

…The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence where there is a discrepancy or…

…and the incidence is particularly high after hip fracture, major surgery and intensive care [1,2]. The condition is associated with falls, aspiration, pressure sores…

…instrumental removal: Suspected penetrating injury or an intraocular foreign body — shield the eye with a rigid shield, give systemic antibiotics and contact an ophthalmologist urgently …

…benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your national or regional poison…

…and record an ECG. 2. Confirm the potassium with a repeat sample, but do not delay treatment when there are ECG changes, circulatory compromise or…

…risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before inserting the needle — alcohol carried in with the needle stings…

…leader and one person responsible for recording the transfusions, the sampling, the incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access…

…the tympanic membrane — including a history of grommets, ear discharge or pain on contact with water. A history of ear surgery in which the middle…

Procedurer Oxygen is a drug and must be prescribed as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation…

…is staffed around the clock for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning…

…dislocation requiring operative treatment — contact an orthopaedic surgeon before attempting reduction. Posterior shoulder dislocation, which is often associated with fracture and requires an orthopaedic surgeon…

…Contact your national or regional poison control centre for advice on the treatment threshold and on whether haemodialysis should be considered. Rhabdomyolysis with marked elevation…

…main principle behind artificial pacemakers; i.e applying an external electrical current that depolarizes cells in contact with the lead tip, and thus generate an…

…of adrenaline is associated with more severe and more protracted reactions, biphasic courses and fatal outcome. At the same time, serious adverse effects are uncommon…

…discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the…

…or a haemoglobin below the applicable transfusion threshold (see below). Ongoing bleeding with haemodynamic compromise, whatever the current haemoglobin — haemoglobin falls late in acute haemorrhage…

…from withdrawal of treatment to circulatory arrest Indications An intensive care patient with severe brain injury in whom total brain infarction is judged possible during…

…may manifest as reciprocal ST segment depression rather than apparent ST segment elevation. Posterior involvement is commonly associated with inferior or lateral myocardial infarction. Consequently…

…response system using your local emergency number. Contact the nearest intensive care unit with expertise in toxicological emergencies. Antidote Administer the specific antidote promptly upon…

…when the shock is delivered, and that the thromboembolic risk has been dealt with before the atria begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that…

…the S3 segment. SGLT2 also mediates proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, with chloride following passively down the resulting electrochemical gradient. By inhibiting SGLT2, these drugs produce…

…organized into several sheets that wrap around the ventricle with varying orientation. As explained below, this enables the ventricle to contract in several directions simultaneously…

…into several sheets wrapping around the ventricle with varying orientation. This organization allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way…

…Contractile cells start to contract a few milliseconds after the start of the depolarization and they start relaxing a few milliseconds after the repolarization is…

…half of the heart, it is important to familiarize yourself with the principles of hemodynamics and conditions prevailing on the right side. Echocardiography is the…

…waves reflected from myocardium will have a lower Doppler shift, as compared with waves reflected from erythrocytes. (2) Whereas reflections from erythrocytes have low amplitude…