…first medical contact, the diagnostic ECG, the reperfusion decision, thrombolysis and PCI wire crossing. Exact times are needed for continued management and quality follow up…

…possible due to the small distance between the heart and the ultrasound transducer, and because less air filled lung tissue covers the heart. In adults…

…blood gas with lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to 15 min Ringer's acetate for hypotension…

…symptoms, and occupational exposure to dust, gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow…

…Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged seizure, repeated doses of benzodiazepine, aspiration, hypoventilation, circulatory failure or an anticipated need for anaesthesia…

…intestinal transit. Coffee ground vomiting is less specific than fresh haematemesis and can also be seen when the bleeding is slow or has stopped. The…

…partial rupture into a complete one. Contact the urologist or the surgeon on call for urethrography and suprapubic drainage. Preparation and equipment A sterile catheterisation…

…with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders…

…for at least 12 hours Use whichever criterion gives the higher stage. A patient can thus be stage 3 by urine output despite a less…

…interchangeable nozzles, or a cryoprobe for contact technique. Cotton buds for small lesions (these give a more superficial and less controllable depth of freeze). A…

…or grating sound produced by contact between inflamed pericardial layers. It may have up to three components per cardiac cycle and is often best heard…

…Figure 1 A ). The plateau phase has a long duration which enables the majority of the ventricular myocardium to contract simultaneously. Since the membrane potential…

…well with the severity and extent of ischemia. In the setting of moderate ischemia, the myocardium becomes hypokinetic, meaning that the ischemic segments contract less

…for within 60 minutes 8 Give oxygen, fluid and a vasopressor according to the sepsis pathway when needed 9 Contact the haematologist or oncologist. Contact…

Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

…Contact the thrombectomy centre immediately where large vessel occlusion is possible. Do not wait for the definitive radiology report if the clinical picture and the…

…Contact relatives, home care services, the residential care home or the previous care provider. 5. Confirm delirium with a structured instrument , for example the 4AT…

…the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign, an irregular pupil…

…measure in decontamination, and gastric lavage is today a rare procedure reserved for very serious poisonings in which the patient reaches hospital early. The benefit…

…passed urine. Contact intensive care in circulatory compromise, serious arrhythmia, marked QRS widening, a sine wave pattern, or a need for repeated calcium treatment. Urgent…

…For vaccination: adrenaline 1 mg/mL, an antihistamine, oxygen, and the ability to lay the patient down. Injection Needle Angle Maximum volume per site : : : : Deltoid…

…2. Designate a team leader and one person responsible for recording the transfusions, the sampling, the incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3…

…dizziness attributable to a wax plug. The tympanic membrane cannot be inspected and the examination is needed for the diagnosis. Before audiometry or the fitting…

…the ability to take an arterial blood gas. An oxygen source with a flow meter, and equipment for humidification at high flows and during prolonged…

…for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children, a need for…

…neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications A fracture dislocation requiring operative treatment — contact an orthopaedic surgeon before attempting reduction. Posterior shoulder…

…nervous system. Contact your national or regional poison control centre for advice on the treatment threshold and on whether haemodialysis should be considered. Rhabdomyolysis with…

…main principle behind artificial pacemakers; i.e applying an external electrical current that depolarizes cells in contact with the lead tip, and thus generate an…

…Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is…

…control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the on call coagulation service. Send samples for INR, APTT, platelet count…

…value does not exclude significant blood loss. Massive haemorrhage meeting the criteria for activation of the massive transfusion protocol. Plasma and platelets: in ongoing bleeding…

…in a formally unimpeachable way, and that the donor's organs are maintained physiologically for as long as the assessment takes. The task of the…

…prompt repeat ECG acquisition and consideration of additional leads. Evaluation and Physical Examination At first medical contact, assessment should occur concurrently with acquisition of the…

…Currently, opioid overdose stands as a predominant etiological factor for cardiac arrest within this demographic on a global scale. Numerous substances possess the potential to…

…when the shock is delivered, and that the thromboembolic risk has been dealt with before the atria begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that…

…pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)…

…orientation. As explained below, this enables the ventricle to contract in several directions simultaneously. The subendocardium is the muscle layer closest to the endocardium. The…

…ventricle with varying orientation. This organization allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way (Figure 1). Myocardial fibers adjacent to…

…the sinoatrial node is called "pacemaker potential", because it is responsible for the spontaneous repetitive depolarization. The depolarization spreads from the sinoatrial node to the…

…for example, pulmonary hypertension or pulmonic stenosis. Heart rate . Synchronicity : Optimal contraction requires the majority of all ventricular myocardium to contract simultaneously. For this to…

…during the cardiac cycle, despite the fact that cells in the apex contract as much as the cells in the basal parts. Since the apex…