…emergency number. Contact the nearest intensive care unit with expertise in toxicological emergencies. Antidote Administer the specific antidote promptly upon suspicion of poisoning. Decontamination Disrobe…

…begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes of first medical contact, attach continuous rhythm monitoring…

…blood count or contact with the patient's own clinic delay empirical antibiotics [1]. A practical target: give the first dose of broad spectrum antibiotics…

…Initial diagnosis of STEMI ECG Management Recommendation Level of evidence A 12 lead ECG should be interpreted immediately (within 10 minutes) at first medical contact…

…version 4 of 27 February 2024. The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence…

…The condition is associated with falls, aspiration, pressure sores, loss of function, longer length of stay, institutional care, readmission, cognitive decline and increased mortality [3…

…the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign, an irregular pupil…

…Contact your national or regional poison control centre before you decide, not afterwards. Indications Medicinal charcoal is given after the ingestion of a potentially toxic…

…or a very strong clinical suspicion. 3. Give intravenous calcium in the presence of hyperkalaemic ECG changes or arrhythmia. 4. Shift potassium into the cells…

…a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin…

…products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of the…

…or suspected perforation of the tympanic membrane — including a history of grommets, ear discharge or pain on contact with water. A history of ear surgery…

…oxygen on a reservoir mask — this markedly shortens the half life of carbon monoxide. Contact your national or regional poison control centre regarding hyperbaric treatment…

…centre , which in most countries is staffed around the clock for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with…

…dislocation of the shoulder, elbow, finger, patella, jaw or hip prosthesis. A dislocation with neurovascular compromise or skin tenting — reduce promptly, before radiography. The longer…

…intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of transmission Until…

…cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment is needed. Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged seizure, repeated doses of benzodiazepine, aspiration…

…fold and at the same time reduces the passage of salicylate into the central nervous system. Contact your national or regional poison control centre for…

…volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a critically ill patient. Perioperatively and postoperatively in longer procedures and with epidural anaesthesia. Bladder…

…leads are introduced into one of the larger veins (typically the subclavian vein) and guided further down to the heart where they contact the endocardium…

…9. Request ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract when a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded. 10. Contact nephrology early in severe, progressive or…

…fluid and early contact with anaesthesia or intensive care Refractory anaphylaxis Persisting airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of adrenaline and…

…call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the on call coagulation service…

…haemorrhage control) planned in advance. A history of a severe transfusion reaction: contact transfusion medicine before transfusing again. Preparation and equipment Compatibility testing Test What…

…interchangeable nozzles, or a cryoprobe for contact technique. Cotton buds for small lesions (these give a more superficial and less controllable depth of freeze). A…

…rule out a possible donor on your own on grounds of age or medical history — contact the transplant coordinator and let the assessment be made…

…cannulae 0 to 10 min A blood gas with lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to 15…

…the severity of the bleeding 7 Manage antiplatelet drugs according to their indication. Do not routinely stop aspirin given as secondary prevention 8 Contact the…

…cause: Diminished heart sounds Disappearance of the friction rub Loss of the apical impulse Electrical alternans on the ECG Compression of the left lung base

…first medical contact and interpreted within a target of 10 minutes. Prehospital ECG acquisition can shorten the time to diagnosis and facilitate triage of patients…

…to myocardial excitability. This is done by repeatedly stimulating with gradually decreasing amounts of energy until the stimulus no longer yields an activation. The pacemaker…

…position of the transducer. The ultrasound gel is important because it maximizes the contact surface between the transducer and the skin. Generous use of gel…

…begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that happens to fall in the T wave can precipitate ventricular fibrillation, and cardioversion of fibrillation of unknown…

…and pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus …

…onset of the T wave ( Figure 1 A ). The plateau phase has a long duration which enables the majority of the ventricular myocardium to contract…

…contract in several directions simultaneously. The subendocardium is the muscle layer closest to the endocardium. The subendocardium has the poorest prerequisites in the case of…

…ejection fraction (EF), fractional sorting (FS), etc — do not elucidate regional variations in contractile function, or the effectiveness of longitudinal, radial, and circumferential contraction. Thus…

…causes a rapid influx of sodium and depolarizes the cell. Contractile cells start to contract a few milliseconds after the start of the depolarization and…

…well with the severity and extent of ischemia. In the setting of moderate ischemia, the myocardium becomes hypokinetic, meaning that the ischemic segments contract less

…SAX, short axis view), the the ventricle is rather a crescent shaped appendage of the left ventricle. On longitudinal sections (A4C, apical four chamber view)…

…in the apex contract as much as the cells in the basal parts. Since the apex is fixed and there are longitudinal muscle fibers stretching…