…to mitigate the risk of potential contaminants endangering the rescuer. Contact expertise Contact your national or regional poison control centre, and activate the emergency medical…

…and unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes of first medical contact…

…neutropenic fever is limited, but delayed antibiotics are associated with a worse outcome in sepsis and in several studies of neutropenic patients. In septic shock…

…of evidence A 12 lead ECG should be interpreted immediately (within 10 minutes) at first medical contact. I B ECG monitoring should start immediately and…

…version 4 of 27 February 2024. The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence…

…accounts for a minority of cases Hypoactive Lethargy, slow responses, reduced speech, immobility, poor food intake, reduced eye contact Common and particularly easy to miss…

…or an intraocular foreign body — shield the eye with a rigid shield, give systemic antibiotics and contact an ophthalmologist urgently . A positive Seidel's sign…

…oxygen and complete equipment for intubation and ventilation must be to hand before the lavage begins. The head of the trolley must be able to…

…address the cause, assess renal function and the rate of rise. Often outpatient or brief inpatient follow up depending on the clinical picture Moderate 6…

…an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab…

…products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of the…

…Diabetes, immunosuppression A risk of necrotising otitis externa Anticoagulant treatment Bleeding into the ear canal Previous radiotherapy to the head and neck Fragile skin, poor…

…oxyhaemoglobin and shows a falsely normal value. Give 100 % oxygen on a reservoir mask — this markedly shortens the half life of carbon monoxide. Contact your…

…Assess ventilation, airway protection, the expected course and the possibility of rapid reversal with an antidote. Intubation is recommended for neurological, respiratory or haemodynamic failure…

…treatment — contact an orthopaedic surgeon before attempting reduction. Posterior shoulder dislocation, which is often associated with fracture and requires an orthopaedic surgeon. Dislocation of a…

…The quality of the test determines its entire value: a poorly performed manoeuvre gives a falsely low FVC and thus a falsely normal FEV₁/FVC…

…access cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment is needed. Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged seizure, repeated doses of benzodiazepine…

…the passage of salicylate into the central nervous system. Contact your national or regional poison control centre for advice on the treatment threshold and on…

…catheter is not easier to pass. With a difficult passage it is the shape of the tip and the technique that matter, not the calibre…

…leads are introduced into one of the larger veins (typically the subclavian vein) and guided further down to the heart where they contact the endocardium…

…and any other underlying cause immediately. 9. Request ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract when a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded. 10. Contact…

…fluid and early contact with anaesthesia or intensive care Refractory anaphylaxis Persisting airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of adrenaline and…

…call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the on call coagulation service…

…A history of a severe transfusion reaction: contact transfusion medicine before transfusing again. Preparation and equipment Compatibility testing Test What it involves When it is…

…interchangeable nozzles, or a cryoprobe for contact technique. Cotton buds for small lesions (these give a more superficial and less controllable depth of freeze). A…

…held by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, checked after the decision to withdraw treatment has been documented. 2. A donor card and…

…lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to 15 min Ringer's acetate for hypotension or hypoperfusion, usually…

…of the bleeding 7 Manage antiplatelet drugs according to their indication. Do not routinely stop aspirin given as secondary prevention 8 Contact the endoscopist and…

…sound produced by contact between inflamed pericardial layers. It may have up to three components per cardiac cycle and is often best heard at end…

…first medical contact and interpreted within a target of 10 minutes. Prehospital ECG acquisition can shorten the time to diagnosis and facilitate triage of patients…

…most common cause of failure to capture is insufficient stimulus energy. Modern pacemakers have built in functions to calibrate the stimulus amplitude and width according…

…is held at the tip, using the thumb and the forefinger, while remaining fingers stabilize the grip. The transducer tends to glide out of position…

…begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that happens to fall in the T wave can precipitate ventricular fibrillation, and cardioversion of fibrillation of unknown…

…Endocrinology & metabolism Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering…

…the T wave is smooth, as is the transition between phases 2 and 3 of the action potential ( Figure 1 A ). The T wave represents…

…Orientation of myocardial fibers The orientation of myocardial fibers varies, and this allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way…

…sorting (FS), etc — do not elucidate regional variations in contractile function, or the effectiveness of longitudinal, radial, and circumferential contraction. Thus, methods such as ejection…

…contract a few milliseconds after the start of the depolarization and they start relaxing a few milliseconds after the repolarization is completed. The duration of…

…well with the severity and extent of ischemia. In the setting of moderate ischemia, the myocardium becomes hypokinetic, meaning that the ischemic segments contract less

…echocardiography. A common question is the presence of right ventricular load. This condition implies that the right ventricle is pressure and/or volume loaded. The…

…high amplitude. This is due to the high density of myocardium. It follows that myocardium generates reflections with high amplitude and low Doppler shift. To…