…a MAP of at least 65 mmHg and at the same time has a lactate above 2 mmol/L. This combination carries a high mortality …

…of the R wave amplitude in the same lead, in at least two contiguous leads). R wave progression is checked in V1–V6. The electrical…

…governed by the total risk, not by the reference range LDL < 3.0 mmol/L Target < 1.4 at very high risk HDL…

…the test in the event of bradycardia, bronchospasm, marked salivation or increasing weakness, and give atropine. 8. Monitor for at least 30 minutes after the…

…s theorem (Harry Nyquist), which demonstrates that a wave must be sampled ( i.e recorded) at least twice per cycle in order to be rel

…for example generalised urticaria, itching, flushing or angio oedema, together with at least one of the following: airway compromise respiratory compromise circulatory compromise severe gastrointestinal…

…drinking include at least two drinks daily in women or three in men, or at least four drinks for women or five for men on…

…Current guideline criteria for ischemic ST segment elevation: New ST segment elevations in at least two anatomically contiguous leads: • Men age ≥40 years: ≥2 mm…

…Scars, hernia or visible abdominal wall collaterals (caput medusae) Puncture at least a few centimetres away from them Full bladder Have the patient void, or…

…High bleeding risk (HBR) should be assessed in a structured manner. Within the ARC HBR framework, HBR is defined by the presence of at least…

…measurements on at least two occasions, and preferably confirmation by home measurement or 24 hour recording — the thresholds for which are lower than for office…

…medication intake, symptoms and any unusual activities. Interpretation A recording is acceptable if at least 70 % of the measurements are valid , with at least 20…

…for patients with a CHA₂DS₂ VA score of 0–1. Check what applies in your own region. Duration above the threshold or unknown: at least…

…less than 48 hours Chronic At least 48 hours Unknown Treated as chronic with respect to the correction limits The brain adapts to prolonged hypotonicity…

…reference for risk stratification. Renal function eGFR (mL/min) Management : : 50 Standard dose, creatinine checked at least annually 30 50 Dose reduction as in the…

…be sufficiently high for targeted screening to be cost effective. For asymptomatic stenosis of at least 70%, the reported 5 year ipsilateral stroke risk is…

…for ST segment elevation measured at the J point. The diagnostic criteria require new ST elevation in at least two contiguous leads [8, 10]. The…

…a high PEEP (an increased risk of pneumothorax; ultrasound guidance is mandatory) Relative A very small or loculated effusion — consider image guided puncture in the…

…lasting at least 5 minutes, or repeated generalised tonic clonic seizures without the patient regaining consciousness between them. Five minutes is the practical threshold for…

…is measured in at least two leads. Areas above the baseline (typically the TP segment) are assigned positive polarity, while areas below the baseline are…

…substitute for mobilisation and bladder training. Contraindications Type Condition : : Absolute Suspected urethral injury — blood at the meatus, a perineal or scrotal haematoma, a high riding…

…RVI) is myocardial necrosis involving the right ventricle, most often occurring in association with an inferior left ventricular infarction. At least minor right ventricular necrosis…

…of the mid QRS in at least two left facing leads [7]. These stricter parameters correlate more closely with abnormal LV mechanical function and the…

…be present in at least two anatomically contiguous leads. In patients with STEMI, ST segment elevations and pathological Q waves occur in the same leads…

…for ischemic ST segment depression: New horizontal or downsloping ST segment depressions ≥0,5 mm in at least two anatomically contiguous leads. The transition from…

…age) while awaiting the result. Equipment A large bore peripheral cannula — at least 1.3 mm (green) for rapid transfusion, preferably two lines in a…

…maximum 8 mg Clemastine 2 mg IV 0.0125–0.025 mg/kg Observe for at least 4–8 hours after anaphylaxis that required treatment…

…is the recommended dose for extended treatment for patients who had a heart attack at least a year ago and are at high risk of…

…of at least 50% from baseline . The treatment sequence is generally: High intensity statin therapy at the highest tolerated dose. Addition of ezetimibe if the…

…impairment, reflected by transaminase concentrations at least twice the normal level Neurological symptoms are particularly important because of the increased risk of cerebrovascular complications. Seizures…

…the patient least, and they save the antecubital fossa for next time. The antecubital fossa gives a high flow but the cannula kinks when the…

…the patient has sepsis, septic shock, or a need for high dependency or intensive care 3 Take at least two sets of blood cultures from…

…from a glove, petrolatum impregnated packing strip or a vessel loop for loop drainage. Gauze, absorbent dressing. Local anaesthesia works poorly in inflamed tissue — the…

…for at least 10 minutes in a room at a comfortable temperature — a cold foot gives falsely low pressures. No smoking or coffee in the…

…continuously for at least 10 minutes without letting go to look. Compression can be preceded by a dose of decongestant spray. This alone stops the…

…ventricular tachycardia, which may degenerate into ventricular fibrillation at any age. Exercise, or any other activity causing adrenergic stimulation, increase the risk of syncope, ventricular…

…discussed in Chapter 1 the atrioventricular node does not exhibit automaticity, meaning that it does not discharge spontaneous action potentials, at least not under normal…

…defibrillator pads if the patient is unstable or at marked risk of arrhythmia. 4. Take a full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, high sensitivity troponin…

…dose in atrial fibrillation Criteria for dose reduction according to FASS : : : Apixaban 5 mg × 2 2.5 mg × 2 if at least two of: age …

…three findings constitute the main criteria for diagnosing endocarditis. Traditionally, it has been considered that endocarditis can be diagnosed if at least two criteria exist…

…intensive care Intermediate–high Stable Yes Raised Admission with monitoring. Be prepared for rescue thrombolysis Intermediate–low Stable One of the two positive Admission Low…

…The time in therapeutic range (TTR) should exceed 70 % Venous thromboembolism 2.0–3.0 Overlap with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for at least…

…in V7 V9: ≥0,5 mm in at least one lead (males and females). Differentiating posterolateral ischemia from right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) It is occasionally…

…in a monitored clinical setting appropriate for cardioversion. Administration of vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess) is administered as an infusion. The infusion is diluted to 4 mg…

…myocardial injury, demonstrated by a rise and/or fall in cardiac troponin with at least one value above the 99th percentile upper reference limit; and…

…rapidly. Rapid enlargement is defined in the source recommendations as at least 10 mm per year or at least 5 mm over 6 months. Such…

…obstruction that has persisted for at least 30 days. CTOs are common among patients undergoing coronary angiography, with reported prevalence ranging from 18% to 52…

…eliminates potassium from the body. 6. Check the plasma potassium after about 1 hour and follow the plasma glucose closely for at least 6 hours…

…has improved from below 40% or has declined from at least 50%. This distinction is clinically important because the strongest evidence for the four pillar…

…fundamental prerequisite for diagnosing any MI is myocardial injury, defined by an elevated cardiac troponin (cTn) value with at least one value above the 99th…

…initiating evaluation for ACS. Features that increase the likelihood of ACS include: Sudden symptoms at rest or with minimal exertion, lasting at least 10 minutes…

…is generally defined as a diameter reduction of at least 50%. Severe proximal disease of both the proximal left anterior descending and proximal left circumflex…

…or a rise of at least 26.5 µmol/L Below 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 to 12 hours 2 2.0 to…

…not wait for the blood gas result before starting treatment. Clinical assessment History that affects the level of risk Ask briefly and to the point…

…lamp — the cornea should not be instrumented without magnification. With a suspected chemical injury the priorities are reversed: irrigate first , for at least 30 minutes…

…The blood pressure is often at least 180/120 mmHg, but no absolute threshold defines the condition. A rapid rise in blood pressure can cause…

…help from another person Level 3 can occur even when the glucose has already begun to rise by the time it is measured, for example…

…rising lactate or a worsening acidosis. An assessed need for at least 4 units of red cells within 1 hour. An actual requirement of more…

…sitting for at least 15 minutes. 2. Insert a venous cannula. Wait a few minutes — the venepuncture itself can cause a stress related rise in…

…rhythms. It is started as soon as possible after ROSC and continued for at least 72 hours for as long as the unconsciousness persists. An…