…to ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 4 . Polymorphic VT progresses to ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 5 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 6 . Delivery of shock during ventricular…

…for a type 1 MI. Type 5 MI: Represents a periprocedural myocardial infarction associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Clinical Presentation and Symptoms The…

…with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) Type 4b MI caused by stent or scaffold thrombosis Type 4c MI caused by restenosis Type 5 MI associated with…

…2 3 LQTS Risk model, a validated tool designed to estimate the 5 year risk of life threatening arrhythmic events in individuals with LQT1, LQT2…

…of nicotinic effects with paradoxically increasing weakness. 6. Assess the chosen finding continuously during the window of effect, 40 seconds to 5–10 minutes after…

…1 1,6% 2 2,2% 3 4,4% 4 7,3% 5 12,4% 6 16,1% 7 23,4% 8 26,8% 9…

…with rate 500 ml/h). Cold shower. Ice packs. Heat stroke ( 40°C) Neurological symptoms, confusion, convulsion, tachycardia, hypotension, coma. As above but with lower temperatures…

…5 mg twice daily if at least two of: age ≥80 years, weight ≤60 kg, creatinine ≥133 µmol/L Rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily with…

…life : : : : Hydrocortisone (cortisol) 20 mg Marked Short, 8–12 hours Prednisolone 5 mg Moderate Intermediate, 12–36 hours Methylprednisolone 4 mg Low Intermediate Betamethasone 0…

…any hyperkeratosis with a scalpel; nitrogen does not penetrate thick keratin. 4. Protect the surroundings with petroleum jelly and, where necessary, a shielding cone. 5…

…square (5 mm) to 100 ms. Intervals and durations QTc — decision thresholds At a QTc above 500 ms: stop QT prolonging drugs, correct the potassium…

…doses per day are needed. Dose adjustment Situation Adjustment : : eGFR < 30 mL/min Avoid morphine (the active metabolite accumulates). Oxycodone at a reduced dose…

…Lathundar Definition and aims of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least 5 minutes…

…reduce urethral trauma. The balloon is filled with sterile water according to the volume printed on the catheter , usually 10 mL in adults. Do not…

…5 criteria, which are tested sequentially (Figure 1). Figure 1. Flowchart of Brugada's algorithm for distinguishing ventricular tachycardia (VT) from supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with…

…24 hours is 1000 mL. Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure…

…0 1.5–2.3 2.4–2.6 2.7–2.9 3.0 RA minor axis dimension, cm 2.9–4.5 4…

…2 1–2 <1 1–1.5 (not reversed with Valsalva maneuver) 1.5 1.5–2.0 (not reversed with Valsalva maneuver) Deceleration time…

…5–3.6 3.7 2.4–3.3 3.4–3.5 3.6–3.7 3.8 LV VOLUME LV diastolic volume, mL…

…Bronchospasm. Caution • Avoided in hypertensive emergencies with acute heart failure. • Used cautiously in patients with asthma (due to risk of bronchospasm). • Used cautiously in bradycardia…

…2 minutes Duration of action 10 to 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes as necessary…

…quantitative parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Jet size < 5cm² 5 10 cm² 10 cm² size vena cava inferior < 2,1 cm…

…5–25 mm in diameter and 4–30 mm in depth. PAU is strongly associated with extensive atherosclerosis and frequently occurs in older patients with…

…Heightened awareness is essential in patients with severe aortic stenosis, particularly the low flow, low gradient phenotype, or those undergoing aortic valve replacement [1, 5…

…of coronary stenosis. Modern cardiac CT can acquire a three dimensional cardiac dataset within approximately 5–15 seconds, with submillimetre spatial resolution. Iodinated contrast is…

…dL ( 5.6 mmol/L) ≥500 mg/dL ( 5.6 mmol/L) Triglyceride rich lipoproteins, remnant lipoproteins and insulin resistance are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular…

…approximately 5–15% of pregnancies worldwide and are major contributors to maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Their incidence has increased in parallel with…

…to transition into a similar state with downregulated metabolism, which is presumed to explain why neuronal cell death begins within 5–6 minutes (Lipton et…

…fibrillation. ECG 3 . Ventricular fibrillation, coarse (large amplitudes). ECG 4 . Ventricular fibrillation. ECG 5 . Ventricular fibrillation, fine (low amplitudes). ECG 6 . Ventricular fibrillation, coarse. ECG…

…VT). ECG 3 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 4 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 5 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 6 . Delivery of shock, followed by asystole. ECG…

…3 . Spontaneous termination of the ventricular tachycardia. ECG 4 . Recurrence and spontaneous termination of ventricular tachycardia. ECG 5 . Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, self terminating. ECG 6 …

…the more myocardium can be salvaged. Call the PCI service in parallel with drug treatment and transport planning [1,5]. Symptom duration Under 12 hours…

…the same time, exacerbation is a clinical syndromic diagnosis, not a sufficient explanation for all acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure…

…urea, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate or blood gas, calcium, phosphate, glucose and a full blood count. 5. Take a urine dipstick and, where the cause is…

…oxygen in hypoxaemia. 4. Start an inhaled short acting β2 agonist immediately. 5. Add ipratropium in a severe or life threatening attack. 6. Give a…

…contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence where there is a discrepancy or uncertainty. Intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5…

…4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and planned follow up , not…

…cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10 years' duration, or in diabetes with age 50 years. Risk assessment in known coronary or cerebrovascular disease. Follow…

…27.5, because cardiometabolic risk appears at a lower BMI. BMI is misleading in athletes with a large muscle mass, in older people with lost…

…5 mL/kg/h Normal echocardiographic values Measurement Women Men : : : Left ventricular ejection fraction 54–74% 52–72% Left ventricle, diastolic diameter 3.9–5…

…42–47 = prediabetes; ≥ 48 = diabetes Total cholesterol < 5.0 mmol/L Targets are governed by the total risk, not by the reference…

…the residential care home or the previous care provider. 5. Confirm delirium with a structured instrument , for example the 4AT or the CAM according to…

…large vein with a rapid flush. Warn the patient Amiodarone 150–300 mg IV over 20–60 min, then 900 mg/24 h 5 mg…

…EROA (cm²) < 0.10 0.10 0.29 0.29 Regurgitation volume (ml/beat) < 30 30 59 59 Regurgitation fraction (%) < 30 30…

…14 days including oral step down or gentamicin 4.5 mg/kg IV as a single dose Urosepsis with complicating factors cefotaxime 1 g × 3…

…never obliquely upwards towards the eye. 3. Expand it with 5–10 mL of saline through an intravenous cannula. 4. Tape the drawstring to a…

…mean a high risk even if the plasma potassium is below 6.5 mmol/L. Conversely, patients with chronic renal failure may have very high…

…symptoms or an unexpected sensor value, the glucose should therefore be checked with a capillary or venous measurement [5]. Treatment The awake patient who can…

…urine osmolality and urine sodium before treatment. 5. With severe symptoms: give hypertonic saline immediately. Do not wait for a complete work up of the…

…even rate, about 1 mL per 3–5 seconds. 7. Withdraw the needle at the same angle and press with a dry swab. Do not…

…chronic hypertension or when there are signs of inadequate perfusion Urine output 0.5 mL/kg/h Lactate Falling A clearance 10 % per 2 h…

…Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL: clean with 3–4 swabs in wide circles and let it dry for a couple of…

…tissue infection with systemic involvement. Relative: Condition Adaptation : : ABI 0.5–0.79 Reduced compression (20–30 mmHg) under vascular surgical supervision Diabetes with neuropathy…

…and the speed of the course. An AST/ALT ratio 2 with moderately raised values suggests alcohol related liver disease; a ratio < 1 suggests…

…with age Anion gap Na − (Cl + HCO₃) 8–16 mmol/L ARDS according to the Berlin definition Grade P/F ratio with a PEEP ≥ 5…

…cells in 24 hours [5]. A continuing transfusion requirement while definitive control of the bleeding has not yet been achieved. Penetrating torso injury with shock…

…days, or shorter neutropenia with clinical risk factors International guidelines generally use a single temperature of 38.3 degrees as the threshold [4,5]. Some…

…with the 2nd and 98th percentiles. 0–1 month 1–3 months 3–6 months 6–12 months 1–3 years 3–5 years 5…

…mmHg for 15 minutes, or a need for a vasopressor), obstructive shock or cardiac arrest with suspected pulmonary embolism. Urgent bedside echocardiography, looking for right…