Info The ECG shows AV block III (complete heart block). P waves are not related to QRS. PP interval is constant, but independent of RR…

…VT. ECG 3 . Polymorphic VT progresses to ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 4 . Polymorphic VT progresses to ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 5 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG…

…an entity in itself and may arise from non ischaemic cardiac conditions (such as myocarditis) or non cardiac conditions (such as renal failure). To establish…

…upper reference limit (URL). It is considered acute when there is a rise and/or fall in cTn values. An elevated cTn alone does not…

…In 2018, Mazzanti et al. introduced the 1 2 3 LQTS Risk model, a validated tool designed to estimate the 5 year risk of life…

…continuously during the window of effect, 40 seconds to 5–10 minutes after the injection . 7. Stop the test in the event of bradycardia, bronchospasm…

…1 1,6% 2 2,2% 3 4,4% 4 7,3% 5 12,4% 6 16,1% 7 23,4% 8 26,8% 9…

…gas response to asphyxiation: a canine model of pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 1995;30:16975. Safar P, Paradis NA, Weil MH. Asphyxial cardiac arrest. In:…

…and how to reverse in bleeding. Doses in atrial fibrillation Drug Standard dose Reduced dose and criterion : : : Apixaban 5 mg twice daily 2.5 mg…

…in each case. Equivalent doses Agent Equivalent glucocorticoid dose Mineralocorticoid effect Biological half life : : : : Hydrocortisone (cortisol) 20 mg Marked Short, 8–12 hours Prednisolone 5…

…where necessary, a shielding cone. 5. Hold the spray nozzle 1–2 cm from the skin , perpendicular to the surface. 6. Spray intermittently until the…

Referensvärden The normal values below apply to adults in sinus rhythm, recorded at a paper speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10…

…2.5–5 mg Oral bioavailability about 35 per cent Paracetamol PO or IV 1 g × 4 The basic analgesic; always give it in parallel…

…the current hospital protocol and check the strength and the maximum infusion rate. Rapid overview Time from seizure onset Action : : 0 to 5 minutes ABCDE…

…hydrogel or silicone elastomer coating may remain for up to twelve weeks, latex with a PTFE coating for a shorter period. Procedure In men 1…

…If there is no RS complex in any chest lead (V1–V6) a diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia can be made. Otherwise, continue to next criteria…

…nitroprusside, and nicardipine in hypertensive emergencies. Time to onset of action 2 4 minutes Duration of action 5 15 minutes Delivery IV (infusion). Dose Initial…

…0 1.5–2.3 2.4–2.6 2.7–2.9 3.0 RA minor axis dimension, cm 2.9–4.5 4…

…ratio 1–2 1–2 <1 1–1.5 (not reversed with Valsalva maneuver) 1.5 1.5–2.0 (not reversed with Valsalva maneuver…

…Paradoxical thinning and/or outward directed motion during systole 4 Aneurysmatic Diastolic deformation 5 Recommended by the American Society for Echocardiography (J Am Soc Echocardiogr…

…every 3 to 6 hours. Adverse effects Vomiting. Dizziness. Nausea. Atrioventricular blocks (AV blocks). Orthostatic hypotension. Paresthesias (scalp tingling). Bronchospasm. Caution • Avoided in hypertensive emergencies…

…injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes as necessary. Continuous infusion: Start infusion at 0.1 mg/min and increase in increments…

…– Pubmed Link Tricuspid valve stenosis Mean pressure gradient ≥ 5 mmHg Valve area according to the continuity equation (cm²) ≤ 1 cm² ZTime velocity integral of the…

…and malperfusion are less frequent in type A IMH. IMH is classified anatomically according to the Stanford system: Type A IMH: involves the ascending aorta…

…CA) is a protein misfolding disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded fibrillar proteins in the myocardium, leading to a diffuse infiltrative cardiomyopathy [8…

…achieve less than 5 mSv in appropriate settings. Clinical Presentation and Indications CCTA is relevant to several clinical presentations. Stable chest pain CCTA is recommended…

…Mild to moderate HTG 150–499 mg/dL (1.7–5.6 mmol/L) in some guidance; 150 mg/dL (≥1.7 mmol/L) in…

…affect approximately 5–15% of pregnancies worldwide and are major contributors to maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Their incidence has increased in parallel…

…which is presumed to explain why neuronal cell death begins within 5–6 minutes (Lipton et al). Survival in cardiac arrest is highly dependent on…

…tachycardia (VT). ECG 2 . VT progressing to ventricular fibrillation. ECG 3 . Ventricular fibrillation, coarse (large amplitudes). ECG 4 . Ventricular fibrillation. ECG 5 . Ventricular fibrillation, fine …

…VT). ECG 3 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 4 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 5 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 6 . Delivery of shock, followed by asystole. ECG…

…3 . Spontaneous termination of the ventricular tachycardia. ECG 4 . Recurrence and spontaneous termination of ventricular tachycardia. ECG 5 . Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, self terminating. ECG 6 …

…than 12 hours, immediate fibrinolysis is recommended in the absence of contraindications, followed by direct transfer to a PCI centre [1,5]. Situation Practical target…

…Signs of a serious condition Finding Significance : : Inability to speak in full sentences Marked work of breathing Use of accessory respiratory muscles or paradoxical abdominal…

…least 26.5 µmol/L within 48 hours. A rise in creatinine to at least 1.5 times baseline, known or presumed to have occurred…

…A patient who has become calm, quiet in the chest and stopped struggling may be about to stop breathing. Diminishing wheeze means improvement only if…

…within 4.5 hours improves functional outcome in properly selected patients. Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg is a safe and effective alternative to alteplase and…

…48 to 96 hours Delirium tremens with disorientation, fluctuating attention, agitation or, more rarely, hypoactivity, hallucinations and marked autonomic hyperactivity Up to 5 to 7…

…to the extensor hallucis longus tendon. Measure in the same way as on the arm. 4. Posterior tibial artery — behind the medial malleolus. Measure. 5…

…height 0.5 = increased risk, irrespective of sex Mid upper arm circumference Midpoint of the upper arm < 23 cm suggests undernutrition in adults…

…may be due to low flow, low vascular tone or both, and the appropriate action differs fundamentally between these cases. Pressures in the heart and…

…125 ng/L (< 300 in acute dyspnoea) A normal value effectively excludes heart failure D dimer < 0.5 mg/L FEU Age adjusted…

…5. Confirm delirium with a structured instrument , for example the 4AT or the CAM according to local protocol. 6. Look for several concurrent causes. In…

…for a longer infusion Metoprolol 5 mg IV, repeated to a maximum of 15 mg 0.1 mg/kg slowly Avoid in decompensated heart failure…

…22 36 mm Descending aorta 20 30 mm ​Indexing means that the value is adjusted for body surface area (BSA), given in square metres. Aorta…

…and the period before a urological procedure. A positive urine dipstick in an older patient is difficult to interpret. Skin and soft tissue Diagnosis Agent…

…then parallel to the floor of the nose in one smooth movement — never obliquely upwards towards the eye. 3. Expand it with 5–10 mL…

…up depending on the clinical picture Moderate 6.0 to 6.4 mmol/L ECG and cardiac monitoring. Emergency treatment is often warranted, particularly in…

…5. If there is no intravenous access, give glucagon and establish access at the same time. 6. Measure the glucose again after 10 to 15…

…before treatment. 5. With severe symptoms: give hypertonic saline immediately. Do not wait for a complete work up of the cause or for imaging. 6…

…if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative…

…in starvation, alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, or more than 5 days without nutrition. Check the phosphate, potassium and magnesium before and daily during the build up…

…down. 5. If a corticosteroid is to be given: hold the needle still, change the syringe and inject. The injection should go in easily. Resistance…

…pressure up gradually Rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis Individual assessment Repeat the ABI every three to six months during ongoing compression therapy, and always in the…

…R 5 indicates hepatocellular injury, R < 2 cholestatic injury, and 2–5 a mixed pattern. Orders of magnitude that direct the work up ALT…

…< 2 kPa in the young; it increases with age Anion gap Na − (Cl + HCO₃) 8–16 mmol/L ARDS according to the Berlin definition…

…access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of the bleeding in order to obtain a central venous catheter. 4. Take…

…a blood gas, coagulation tests and other investigations according to the clinical picture 5 Take cultures or molecular tests from the suspected focus, but avoid…

…5–18 (7) 1–21 (9) 2–22 (10) 3–24 (12) 3–26 (12) 3–22 (11) 0.5 – 23 R/S ratio in…

…is the first line treatment in high risk embolism, unless there is an absolute contraindication. The agent and dose are according to the local protocol…