…2. Designate a team leader and one person responsible for recording the transfusions, the sampling, the incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3…

…in known adrenal insufficiency A patient with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), secondary adrenal insufficiency or long term corticosteroid treatment cannot increase their own…

…systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and hypoperfusion manifesting as hypotension. The high mortality associated with sepsis underscores the critical importance of…

…J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016;81:27 33. Wallmuller C, Meron G, Kurkciyan I, et al. Causes of in hospital cardiac arrest and influence…

…R. Open chest versus closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in trauma patients with signs of life upon hospital arrival: a retrospective multicenter study. Crit Care 2020…

…R. Open chest versus closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in trauma patients with signs of life upon hospital arrival: a retrospective multicenter study. Crit Care 2020…

…versus closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in trauma patients with signs of life of life hospital arrival upon arrival: a retrospective multicenter study. Crit Care 2020…

…who has not responded within a couple of hours should be intubated, not given another hour. Indications CPAP: Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema with hypoxaemia and…

…treatment, with a very low number needed to treat (NNT), indicating high effectiveness. Although BLS is primarily developed for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)…

…stops before reaching the ascending aorta. Conservative treatment in this group is associated with high mortality when malperfusion or rupture develops; surgery or endovascular treatment…

…fail to generate stroke volumes. Consequently, addressing reversible causes of cardiac arrest becomes more critical than performing chest compressions. Hemorrhages, either manifesting externally or concealed…

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

…disease, and management should therefore address the entire arterial circulation. PAD is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as limb complications. Atherosclerotic…

…delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol…

…are routinely missed. The third thing to know by heart is that an arterial line must never be confused with a venous access. Indications Continuous…

…catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted peripheral venous access during prolonged intravenous therapy…

…acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury, anaphylaxis, deep neck infection, an expanding haematoma, facial trauma…

…An unclear arthritis, as part of the diagnostic work up. Haemarthrosis after trauma. A symptomatic effusion causing pain or restricted movement (therapeutic aspiration). Intra articular…

…renal colic, ischaemic pain, pancreatitis, major trauma. Postoperative pain. Cancer related pain and pain in the palliative phase. Severe breathlessness in the palliative phase (at…

…below 8 kPa on an arterial blood gas. Acute critical illness during initial stabilisation — cardiac arrest, shock, sepsis, major trauma, unconsciousness — until the saturation can…

…burns or trauma at the puncture site. An arm with an arteriovenous fistula, previous axillary clearance or lymphoedema. A limb with paresis or marked swelling…

…effusion with a pH below 7.20, haemothorax, a symptomatic or large pneumothorax, recurrent malignant effusion (often combined with pleurodesis), and in chest trauma and…

…to vital organs than systolic blood pressure alone. Predictive Value : Elevated MAP has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke…

…al (Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2010; 18:7). Short QT interval A shortened QT interval is also associated with an increased risk of…

…entrapment, trauma, phlegmasia cerulea dolens, ergotism, hypercoagulable states or iatrogenic vascular injury. Acute occlusion may also occur in an artery with established collateral circulation, particularly…

…diminishes in parallel with increasing myocardial load (and hence oxygen demand). The most common causes of acute aortic regurgitation are aortic dissection , endocarditis and trauma …

…pre hospital setting ( Perkins et al. ). Figure 1 presents data from the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry, which has recorded causes of cardiac arrest with a…

…Iatrogenic damage to the pericardium. Irradiation. Trauma. The most common cause of pericardial effusion is pericarditis. Because it is difficult to determine if there is…

…triggers it [1,2]. The single most important practical rule is: Continuous acute dizziness with spontaneous nystagmus: consider HINTS plus, but only if the examiner…

…majority of cases, and the great majority of objects can be removed in general practice or in the emergency department with simple equipment. Two principles…

…most countries is staffed around the clock for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations…

…Management : : : : : High Unstable Yes Often raised Reperfusion, intensive care Intermediate–high Stable Yes Raised Admission with monitoring. Be prepared for rescue thrombolysis Intermediate–low Stable…

…do the job, to reduce urethral trauma. The balloon is filled with sterile water according to the volume printed on the catheter , usually 10 mL…

…severe bleeding. Particular caution is required for: Patients aged ≥ 75 years. Patients with a tendency to bleed (e.g., due to recent trauma, surgery, gastrointestinal…

…than asymptomatic lesions. Predisposing conditions Aortic dissection and its variants are associated with conditions that cause medial degeneration or increase aortic wall stress. Relevant associations…

…free wall rupture after infarction Anticoagulant associated bleeding Renal failure Systemic inflammatory disease Catheter based electrophysiological and structural cardiac procedures In patients with acute pericarditis…

…No reflow is associated with serious short and long term outcomes. Its occurrence is associated with an approximately fivefold higher risk of periprocedural MI and…

…In out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) the initial rhythm is recorded by the EMS (emergency medical service) team upon their arrival at the scene…

…coronary care unit (CCU), regular wards and rehabilitation facilities. Depending on the cause of the arrest, other units may be critical (e.g. trauma unit…

…accompany each other. Therefore, the term perimyocarditis is often used in clinical practice (this article will use all three terms interchangeably). The etiology, clinical characteristics…