…In stent restenosis (ISR) is recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form of arterial hyperplastic disease arising after percutaneous coronary…

…MI) encompasses long term interventions intended to reduce recurrent infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or…

…plus a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. In the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), DAPT is used to reduce recurrent myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and other…

…Recurrent or extensive MI with necrosis and scar formation Diffuse myocardial fibrosis Reversible ischemic dysfunction Chronic hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic stunning Adverse left…

…reduce recurrent events and mortality. Risk factor modification is therefore directed at identifying individuals at increased risk and reducing exposure to established, modifiable determinants of…

…or recurrent pain [1,3,4]. This quick reference gives internationally established doses. Drug availability, thrombolysis regimens, renal function thresholds and the division of work…

…Recurrent bleeding from a visible vessel on the septum (cautery). Continued bleeding despite compression and cautery (packing). Contraindications Cautery: Type Contraindication : : Absolute The source of…

…a bloodless field one works by feel, and by feel nail spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : …

…A recurrent unclear wide or narrow complex tachycardia in which the mechanism needs to be documented before referral to an arrhythmia unit. Assessment of the…

…fitting of a hearing aid. Recurrent otitis externa in which the wax retains moisture. Contraindications Absolute contraindications to irrigation: A known or suspected perforation of…

…Scan the left lower quadrant. Confirm at least 2–3 cm of free fluid depth with no bowel in the path of the needle and…

…recurrent malignant effusion (often combined with pleurodesis), and in chest trauma and postoperatively. Emergency needle decompression: a clinical suspicion of tension pneumothorax in a haemodynamically…

…caused by the injury or by the treatment. Indications A clinically or radiologically confirmed dislocation of the shoulder, elbow, finger, patella, jaw or hip prosthesis…

…those with a history of cardiac arrest, recurrent syncope despite beta blocker therapy, or markedly prolonged QT intervals—the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator…

…those with a history of cardiac arrest, recurrent syncope despite beta blocker therapy, or markedly prolonged QT intervals—the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator…

…Survivors of STEMI remain at substantial risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Long term prognosis is influenced particularly by: Resting left ventricular function The amount of…

…The resulting haemodynamic congestion produces a characteristic clinical phenotype of breathlessness, fatigue and oedema. This definition does not depend on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)…

…recurrent symptoms, myocardial infarction, or other major adverse cardiovascular events. Complete revascularization is therefore considered an important therapeutic objective, particularly in patients with left ventricular…

…up diameter stenosis greater than 50%—occurred in 20–30% of patients, while clinically evident restenosis, manifested by recurrent angina attributable to the treated segment…

…the strongest predictor of stent thrombosis in this setting. The duration of therapy requires an individualized balance between: Ischaemic risk, including recurrent myocardial infarction and…

…per particle or unit of cholesterol than LDL cholesterol. Clinical implications High Lp(a) is independently associated with first and recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events…

…of the presenting symptoms of NSTEMI. It does identify several clinical manifestations that indicate particularly high risk and should influence the urgency of management: Recurrent…

…recurrent infarction and limb threatening complications. Among patients with established peripheral artery disease, those who stop smoking have approximately twice the five year survival of…

…wave inversions (negative T waves) do not affect the management of cardiac arrest. Recurrent VT or VF after ROSC in a patient with a coronary…

…the main cause of left ventricular dysfunction among patients with atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Moreover, ventricular tachyarrhythmias (including recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia…

…completely relieved and ST segment elevation is completely normalized spontaneously or after nitroglycerin administration (provided there is no recurrence of symptoms or ST segment elevation)…

…appearance of the mucosa. Laryngoscopy may be performed to assess for glottic inflammation, which can be a manifestation of recurrent reflux to the level of…

…For recurrent symptomatic bradycardia, temporary or permanent pacing may be required. However, transcutaneous pacing in the setting of cardiac arrest has not demonstrated clear benefit…

…neutrophil chemotaxis toward inflammatory sites. Its cardiovascular effects therefore appear to reflect modulation of vascular inflammation rather than lipid lowering. Other anti inflammatory strategies have…

…the full range of left ventricular ejection fraction and may result from systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, or both. The clinical consequences of extracellular volume expansion…

…syndrome lipid lowering recommendations. Acute coronary syndrome The period immediately following ACS is associated with particularly high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Intensive LDL C…

…from injured cardiomyocytes at substantially lower concentrations than earlier generation assays. They can identify troponin concentrations in approximately 50–95% of healthy individuals, whereas sensitive…

Cardiology Emergency medicine Surgery & trauma Definition and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer…

…C = total cholesterol − HDL C Apolipoprotein B (apoB) reflects the concentration of circulating atherogenic particles because each apoB containing particle carries one apoB molecule…

…ventricular arrhythmias, or recurrent ischemic symptoms. These manifestations do not by themselves establish the presence of thrombus. Evaluation and physical examination The physical examination is…

… and A reduction of at least 50% from baseline. In patients who experience a recurrent atherothrombotic or cardiovascular event within 2 years while receiving maximally…

…ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore does not establish a benign diagnosis. ANOCA/INOCA is associated with recurrent symptoms, impaired quality of life, repeated…

…depends on the extent of microvascular obstruction and the territory supplied by the treated vessel. Possible manifestations include: Persistent or recurrent myocardial ischemia Deterioration in…

…Addition of a PCSK9 inhibitor when the target remains unmet despite maximally tolerated statin therapy and ezetimibe. For patients with a recurrent atherothrombotic event while…

…progressive, and cardiogenic shock may develop rapidly. Ventricular septal rupture VSR typically causes: Recurrent chest pain. Dyspnoea. Hypotension. Rapid development of biventricular failure. Pulmonary oedema…

…and Pathophysiology Posterior myocardial infarction is myocardial necrosis involving the posterior region of the left ventricle, usually as part of an inferoposterior or posterolateral infarction…

…quality of life is often poor, hospitalizations are frequent, and healthcare resource utilization is high. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms The dominant manifestation is chronic, recurrent…

…manifestations therefore commonly include recurrent myocardial ischaemia, recurrent infarction, or acute coronary occlusion. Stent thrombosis may occur within hours or days of implantation or many…

…the presentation represents ACS and whether the patient is clinically unstable. Particular attention is required for evidence of: Ongoing or recurrent chest discomfort. Haemodynamic instability…

…should be considered in patients with symptoms suggestive of carotid sinus syncope and in patients older than 40 years with recurrent syncope of unknown etiology…

…seizures and temperature management. The ICU is the preferred level of care for the absolute majority. The CCU may be suitable for stable (hemodynamically and…

…pectoris): 75–80 mg tablet once daily. Prophylaxis against recurrence of cerebrovascular disease: 75–80 mg tablet once daily. Warnings and precautions Use Aspirin with…

…fibrillation (VF). ECG 6 . Delivery of shock, followed by asystole. ECG 7 . Asystole after shock. ECG 8 . Recurrence of supraventricular rhythm. ECG 9 . Supraventricular rhythm…

…of the ventricular tachycardia. ECG 4 . Recurrence and spontaneous termination of ventricular tachycardia. ECG 5 . Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, self terminating. ECG 6 . Repeated runs of…

…applied . Indications Venous leg ulcer — about 70% of all leg ulcers. Chronic venous oedema, lipodermatosclerosis, stasis dermatitis. Prevention of recurrence after a healed venous ulcer…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Definition and aims of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least…

…methodological ECG interpretation. We recommend this approach as it minimizes the risk of missing important abnormalities and also speeds up the ECG interpretation. Press the…

…arrhythmia with low risk of recurrence. Atrial fibrillation in other circumstances (particularly those listed above) is usually a progressive disease. Complications of atrial fibrillation and…

…9 . Delivery of shock (red arrow), with subsequent asystole. ECG 10 . Recurrence of supraventricular complexes (red arrows). ECG 11 . Relapse of VF and new shock…

…Known left atrial thrombus. A markedly enlarged left atrium, marked hyperthyroidism or an untreated underlying cause make recurrence all but certain and argue against elective…

…low risk of recurrence vancomycin 125 mg × 4 PO 10 days Clostridioides difficile, high risk of recurrence fidaxomicin 200 mg × 2 PO 10 days In…

Procedurer The insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced…

…liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and to the left

…marked renal failure. Duration of treatment: at least 3 months. Extended treatment in unprovoked pulmonary embolism, a persisting risk factor, or recurrence. Special situations Situation…

…and whether left ventricular systolic function is depressed or preserved Whether hypotension is present Whether an accessory pathway is suspected, particularly before administration of digoxin…