…In stent restenosis (ISR) is recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form of arterial hyperplastic disease arising after percutaneous coronary…

…MI) encompasses long term interventions intended to reduce recurrent infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or…

…generally consisting of low dose aspirin and a potent P2Y12 inhibitor, preferentially prasugrel or ticagrelor. This strategy reflects the substantial early thrombotic risk after ACS…

…recurrent MI, ventricular arrhythmias, or a large burden of hibernating myocardium. Evaluation and physical examination The assessment should establish three complementary features: The severity of…

…reduce recurrent events and mortality. Risk factor modification is therefore directed at identifying individuals at increased risk and reducing exposure to established, modifiable determinants of…

…or recurrent pain [1,3,4]. This quick reference gives internationally established doses. Drug availability, thrombolysis regimens, renal function thresholds and the division of work…

…Recurrent bleeding from a visible vessel on the septum (cautery). Continued bleeding despite compression and cautery (packing). Contraindications Cautery: Type Contraindication : : Absolute The source of…

…a bloodless field one works by feel, and by feel nail spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : …

…A recurrent unclear wide or narrow complex tachycardia in which the mechanism needs to be documented before referral to an arrhythmia unit. Assessment of the…

…a mastoid cavity, mastoidectomy). An only hearing ear. Relative (choose a manual technique or refer to ENT): Condition Reason : : Diabetes, immunosuppression A risk of necrotising…

…first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first choice : the abdominal wall is thinner there than on the right, and…

…recurrent malignant effusion (often combined with pleurodesis), and in chest trauma and postoperatively. Emergency needle decompression: a clinical suspicion of tension pneumothorax in a haemodynamically…

…afterwards whether a nerve injury was caused by the injury or by the treatment. Indications A clinically or radiologically confirmed dislocation of the shoulder, elbow…

…those with a history of cardiac arrest, recurrent syncope despite beta blocker therapy, or markedly prolonged QT intervals—the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator…

…those with a history of cardiac arrest, recurrent syncope despite beta blocker therapy, or markedly prolonged QT intervals—the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator…

…recreational or sporting activity Limit recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality The modern concept of rehabilitation has evolved from early post infarction physical activity…

…defined by the combination of symptoms, with or without physical signs, and an LVEF below 40%. Signs may be absent in early disease or after…

…angiography and subsequent revascularization may be undertaken early, delayed, or selectively after initial medical treatment. The presence of ST segment changes or a positive troponin…

…up diameter stenosis greater than 50%—occurred in 20–30% of patients, while clinically evident restenosis, manifested by recurrent angina attributable to the treated segment…

…the strongest predictor of stent thrombosis in this setting. The duration of therapy requires an individualized balance between: Ischaemic risk, including recurrent myocardial infarction and…

…per particle or unit of cholesterol than LDL cholesterol. Clinical implications High Lp(a) is independently associated with first and recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events…

…from early coronary angiography and revascularization, while avoiding unnecessary procedural complications and bleeding in those at lower risk or in whom the hazards of revascularization…

…recurrent infarction and limb threatening complications. Among patients with established peripheral artery disease, those who stop smoking have approximately twice the five year survival of…

…management of cardiac arrest. Recurrent VT or VF after ROSC in a patient with a coronary risk profile should lead to consideration to perform early…

…the main cause of left ventricular dysfunction among patients with atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Moreover, ventricular tachyarrhythmias (including recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia…

…completely relieved and ST segment elevation is completely normalized spontaneously or after nitroglycerin administration (provided there is no recurrence of symptoms or ST segment elevation)…

…appearance of the mucosa. Laryngoscopy may be performed to assess for glottic inflammation, which can be a manifestation of recurrent reflux to the level of…

…For recurrent symptomatic bradycardia, temporary or permanent pacing may be required. However, transcutaneous pacing in the setting of cardiac arrest has not demonstrated clear benefit…

…neutrophil chemotaxis toward inflammatory sites. Its cardiovascular effects therefore appear to reflect modulation of vascular inflammation rather than lipid lowering. Other anti inflammatory strategies have…

…considerably. Symptoms of systemic venous congestion include: Peripheral edema Rapid weight gain Increasing abdominal girth Early satiety Bendopnea Abdominal ascites Older patients may present atypically…

…syndrome The period immediately following ACS is associated with particularly high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Intensive LDL C lowering should therefore begin early rathe

…The probability of MI increases continuously as the absolute hs cTn concentration rises. Early absolute changes over 1 hour provide diagnostic information that supplements the…

…ischaemia Paraplegia or paraparesis Persistent or recurrent pain Hypertension that remains uncontrolled despite optimal therapy Acute type A dissection has a particularly rapid early mortality…

…C = total cholesterol − HDL C Apolipoprotein B (apoB) reflects the concentration of circulating atherogenic particles because each apoB containing particle carries one apoB molecule…

…ventricular arrhythmias, or recurrent ischemic symptoms. These manifestations do not by themselves establish the presence of thrombus. Evaluation and physical examination The physical examination is…

…major cardiovascular events. Acute coronary syndromes The period immediately after ACS is particularly vulnerable, with recurrent cardiovascular events concentrated early after discharge. Consequently, lipid lowering…

…ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore does not establish a benign diagnosis. ANOCA/INOCA is associated with recurrent symptoms, impaired quality of life, repeated…

…depends on the extent of microvascular obstruction and the territory supplied by the treated vessel. Possible manifestations include: Persistent or recurrent myocardial ischemia Deterioration in…

…Addition of a PCSK9 inhibitor when the target remains unmet despite maximally tolerated statin therapy and ezetimibe. For patients with a recurrent atherothrombotic event while…

…progressive, and cardiogenic shock may develop rapidly. Ventricular septal rupture VSR typically causes: Recurrent chest pain. Dyspnoea. Hypotension. Rapid development of biventricular failure. Pulmonary oedema…

…is compatible with acute coronary syndrome. Recurrent or persistent symptoms should prompt repeat ECG acquisition and consideration of additional leads. Evaluation and Physical Examination At…

…quality of life is often poor, hospitalizations are frequent, and healthcare resource utilization is high. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms The dominant manifestation is chronic, recurrent…

…manifestations therefore commonly include recurrent myocardial ischaemia, recurrent infarction, or acute coronary occlusion. Stent thrombosis may occur within hours or days of implantation or many…

…the presentation represents ACS and whether the patient is clinically unstable. Particular attention is required for evidence of: Ongoing or recurrent chest discomfort. Haemodynamic instability…

…should be considered in patients with symptoms suggestive of carotid sinus syncope and in patients older than 40 years with recurrent syncope of unknown etiology…

…seizures and temperature management. The ICU is the preferred level of care for the absolute majority. The CCU may be suitable for stable (hemodynamically and…

…pectoris): 75–80 mg tablet once daily. Prophylaxis against recurrence of cerebrovascular disease: 75–80 mg tablet once daily. Warnings and precautions Use Aspirin with…

…fibrillation (VF). ECG 6 . Delivery of shock, followed by asystole. ECG 7 . Asystole after shock. ECG 8 . Recurrence of supraventricular rhythm. ECG 9 . Supraventricular rhythm…

…of the ventricular tachycardia. ECG 4 . Recurrence and spontaneous termination of ventricular tachycardia. ECG 5 . Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, self terminating. ECG 6 . Repeated runs of…

…applied . Indications Venous leg ulcer — about 70% of all leg ulcers. Chronic venous oedema, lipodermatosclerosis, stasis dermatitis. Prevention of recurrence after a healed venous ulcer…

…cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment is needed. Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged seizure, repeated doses of benzodiazepine, aspiration…

…methodological ECG interpretation. We recommend this approach as it minimizes the risk of missing important abnormalities and also speeds up the ECG interpretation. Press the…

…arrhythmia with low risk of recurrence. Atrial fibrillation in other circumstances (particularly those listed above) is usually a progressive disease. Complications of atrial fibrillation and…

…9 . Delivery of shock (red arrow), with subsequent asystole. ECG 10 . Recurrence of supraventricular complexes (red arrows). ECG 11 . Relapse of VF and new shock…

…the R wave The shock is delivered immediately Why Avoids the vulnerable phase of the T wave There is no R wave to synchronise to…

…low risk of recurrence vancomycin 125 mg × 4 PO 10 days Clostridioides difficile, high risk of recurrence fidaxomicin 200 mg × 2 PO 10 days In…

…Measure the depth of insertion by laying the tube from the tip of the nose to the earlobe and from there to the xiphoid process…

…of the most useful signs Low voltage on the ECG, electrical alternans Supportive; it does not exclude Diastolic collapse of the right atrium and right…

…an already strained right ventricle. Clinical probability in the stable patient The Wells criteria for pulmonary embolism: Criterion Points : : Clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis…

…newly detected for the first time, or newly developed during management of an acute illness. The clinical relationship between AF and acute deterioration is often…