…a half life of several days and more than a hundred clinically relevant interactions. What determines whether the treatment is safe is not the starting…

…Risk assessment in known coronary or cerebrovascular disease. Follow up after vascular surgery or endovascular intervention. Assessment of healing potential in ulcers and before deciding…

…matters more than the laboratory value. A normal INR and a normal APTT do not exclude DOAC effect. Duplicate therapy. Check that the patient is…

…protocol Avoid tight targets in inpatients. Hypoglycaemia on the ward is more dangerous than moderate hyperglycaemia over a few days. Principles Insulin component Function Who…

…Measure the glucose again after 10 to 15 minutes and repeat treatment until the patient has recovered. 7. Follow up with a meal or with…

…of follow up in a prospective study of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Thus, an individual plaque’s morphology does not reliably establish that it…

…thrombolysis and PCI wire crossing. Exact times are needed for continued management and quality follow up. STEMI: time targets and choice of reperfusion Primary PCI…

…or, more rarely, hypoactivity, hallucinations and marked autonomic hyperactivity Up to 5 to 7 days, sometimes longer Persisting withdrawal, particularly after previous severe episodes, with…

…start treatment that eliminates potassium from the body. 6. Check the plasma potassium after about 1 hour and follow the plasma glucose closely for at…

…be assessed during follow up visits after discharge. Treatment and Management Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) There is overwhelming evidence that ACE inhibitors…

…example, heterozygous carriers in a clearly recessive cardiomyopathy may not require the same follow up as individuals at risk in an autosomal dominant family, whereas…

…quality of life. Women with suspected angina are more likely than men to have non anginal symptoms such as dyspnoea and fatigue, as well as…

…eliminate it. Angiographic restenosis—defined in the source material as follow up diameter stenosis greater than 50%—occurred in 20–30% of patients, while clinically…

…blood count and creatinine when treatment is started, at follow up after one month, and at least annually thereafter, more often in impaired renal function…

…as soon as possible after admission rather than deferred until outpatient follow up. High intensity statin treatment is recommended for all patients with ACS to…

…reduce the adherence barriers associated with more frequent injectable therapy, although the clinical importance of improved adherence remains dependent on sustained follow up and administration…

…20% discordance with FFR classification; pooled 5 year follow up showed higher all cause mortality vs FFR guided care despite 1 year noninferiority. DEFINE FLAIR ·…

…These thresholds are also assay dependent. Follow up of known HPA suppression to determine whether replacement can be stopped. The test is not the first…

…which is not supported by evidence. The patient may need active treatment and prompt follow up, but not necessarily acute normalisation in the emergency department…

…fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of disease progression…

… follow up and investigation of the cause of increased flow are appropriate. Exercise PH is defined by an mPAP/cardiac output slope greater than 3…

…pO₂, A–a gradient or PaO₂/FiO₂ Arterial blood gas COHb or MetHb Arterial or venous sample with co oximetry Follow up of pH in…

…excretion of urea below 35 % is a better alternative. Follow up At an eGFR below 60, or in the presence of albuminuria: check the potassium…

…follow up is usually sufficient. Shared decision making The calculator provides a quantitative estimate of SCD risk, which facilitates informed discussions between clinicians and patients…

…in chest trauma and postoperatively. Emergency needle decompression: a clinical suspicion of tension pneumothorax in a haemodynamically or respiratorily unstable patient. Contraindications In tension pneumothorax…

…should not be used. Specific dosing adjustments are required in certain patient populations: Pediatric patients: For patients weighing less than 50 kg, the dosing should…

…underlying aetiology. Comorbidities that may influence treatment selection and tolerability. Whether the patient has persistent or progressive disease suggestive of an advanced phenotype. Particular attention…

…durable treatment. Intracoronary imaging is encouraged to define the mechanism rather than relying on angiography alone. Factors associated with restenosis The risk of restenosis after…

…bempedoic acid 180 mg daily produced approximately 21% reductions in both LDL C and hsCRP. Individual responses vary, making biochemical reassessment after treatment initiation or…

…these patients generally do not need hospital admission or intravenous treatment. Some patients with acute pain, anxiety, or distress have transient BP elevation that improves…

…A recovery period, during which the patient is still carefully observed, follows after the exercise effort is terminated. Reliability as a function of workload In…

…12 mm Hg RAP 0 – 5 mm Hg PVR < 2.0 – 3.0 WU up to 40 mm Hg in older and obese patients…

…ascites, as recurrent treatment. Contraindications There are in practice no absolute contraindications; suspected spontaneous bacterial peritonitis carries more weight than a deranged coagulation profile . Avoid…

…dose are according to the local protocol. Alternatives when there is a contraindication: catheter directed treatment or surgical embolectomy where available. A vasopressor (noradrenaline) and…

Endokrinologi & metabolism Akutsjukvård Lathundar About this quick reference Treatment protocols differ between regions. Always follow the local protocol for exact infusion rates, electrolyte concentrations and…

…to adults with neutropenia related to cancer treatment. Children, pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells or…

…days — because new antibodies can form after transfusion or pregnancy. Check the validity before ordering blood ; an expired type and screen discovered when the patient…

…often missed. On medical and geriatric wards a substantial proportion of older patients are affected, and the incidence is particularly high after hip fracture, major…

…was no more common — and sometimes less common — after a benzodiazepine than with continued untreated status [3,4]. In parallel with the drug treatment Resuscitation…

…10]: Patient Demographic Lead Group ST Elevation Threshold at J Point Men under 40 years V2 to V3 Greater than or equal to 2.5…

…the required absolute threshold and a rise of more than 20% from baseline. Type 4a MI after PCI In a patient with normal baseline cTn…

…subacute worsening of dyspnoea, cough and sputum in particular that exceeds the patient's normal variation and requires a change of treatment. Common precipitants are…

…A short course (no more than 7 days) may be given to selected patients with an eGFR of 30 40 mL/min for lower urinary…

…time Highest risk of pneumothorax, the vessel cannot be compressed after arterial puncture, technically more difficult with ultrasound Femoral vein Fastest, and does not interfere…

…blood pressure treatment similar to that used in younger adults, provided it is tolerated. Patients with functional loss but preserved independence require a more detailed…

…implanting a permanent pacemaker and continuing the treatment. Commonly, patients with bradycardia have a strong indication for drugs that aggravate or cause bradycardia (e.g…

…respiratory acidosis , that is, a pH below 7.35 and a PaCO₂ above 6.0 kPa despite optimal medical treatment with bronchodilators, steroids and controlled…

…awake patient coughs, clenches the jaw and develops laryngospasm . 4. Open the mouth, introduce the mask with the aperture facing the tongue and follow the…

…the QT interval. If the patient uses QT prolonging drugs, the QT interval should be measured during peak plasma concentrations of that drug. The QT…

…are performed using two dimensional (2D) imaging. Some measurements are still done using M mode echocardiography. A formal consensus regarding the components of the standard…

…troponin T < 14 ng/L The decision thresholds are assay specific — follow the local 0/1 hour protocol NT proBNP < 125 ng/L …

…apparatus The terminology is hard to follow without a picture, and several of the steps below refer to structures that are not visible when looking…

…procedure, or over a few days at home for a hard plug. Have the patient lie with the ear uppermost for 5 minutes after instillation…

…SOFA score of at least 2 points. Septic shock is the subgroup that, despite the treatment of hypovolaemia, requires a vasopressor to maintain a MAP…

…rhythm is shockable). This is explained by the fact that there are no means of determining what phase the patient is in. The three phases…

…rate in AF Ventricular arrhythmias Cardiac ischemia Hypertension (in patients on nonselective β blocker) Tolerance after a few days Norepinephrine Shock (any) Hypotension (any) 0…

…be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of each method. An overview of available methods follows. Each method is discussed in detail in subsequent chapters…

…rate in AF Ventricular arrhythmias Cardiac ischemia Hypertension (in patients on nonselective β blocker) Tolerance after a few days Norepinephrine Shock (any) Hypotension (any) 0…

…Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry, 30 days survival in OHCA, in relation to initial rhythm, is as follows ( Rawshani et al ): Overall survival : 11%. Shockable rhythm …

…and settings, which can be tailored to the patient's needs. Programming is done through an external device that communicates wirelessly with the pacemaker. A…