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Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…course. Increased dyspnoea compared with usual. Increased sputum volume and new sputum purulence. Fever, rigors and respiratory tract symptoms. Chest pain, haemoptysis, syncope and palpitations…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…non pregnant adult of normal weight, and individual assessment. See the separate quick reference for dosing in impaired renal function. Respiratory tract Diagnosis Agent Dose…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…undiluted syringe of 10 mg/mL makes small adjustments impossible. Procedure Intravenous titration in acute severe pain Practical points during titration: Give the injection slowly…

Edrophonium test

…EMG about 95 %). Contraindications Known hypersensitivity to edrophonium. Mechanical obstruction of the bowel or the urinary tract. Marked bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome or high grade…

Spirometry

…Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of transmission Until symptom free Haemoptysis of unclear cause Until investigated Relative obstacles also…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…other viral respiratory infections. However, in some individuals the infection may be severe and deadly. Importantly, COVID 19 has caused an unprecedented number of severe…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

Cardiology Respiratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous pathophysiological disorder characterized primarily by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. It may arise…

Endotracheal intubation

…a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury, anaphylaxis, deep neck infection…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…Choose a point with at least 15 mm depth of fluid throughout the respiratory cycle and where the lung does not come up against the…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of…

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