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Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Do the following early: 1. Assess airway, work of breathing, level of consciousness and circulation. 2. Give controlled oxygen with a target of 88 to…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral respiratory infections…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…endocarditis. With 2D and later 3D ultrasound, the technology has been greatly refined. Similarly, the development of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been extremely valuable. Echocardiography…

Wound suturing

…of every tendon crossing the wound. A tendon injury can be painless and gives normal passive movement — test actively against resistance, tendon by tendon . With…

Central venous catheter

…clean with a tracheostomy or copious secretions Subclavian vein Most comfortable for the patient, the most stable dressing, lowest risk of infection and thrombosis with…

Endotracheal intubation

…up, always with the light checked. Tubes in three sizes, a stylet or bougie taken out and shaped before induction , a syringe for the cuff…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…drain insertion, while diagnostic aspiration with a fine needle is tolerated at considerably worse values. Follow the local protocol. Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile response. A neutropenic patient with a suspected infection and organ…

Common laboratory tests

…of a healthy reference population, which means that one healthy value in twenty falls outside them . Order twelve tests in a healthy person and the…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination must be preceded…

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