…and sputum in particular that exceeds the patient's normal variation and requires a change of treatment. Common precipitants are viral infection, bacterial infection and…

…events during infections: An acute coronary event may be triggered by increased myocardial demand during the infection. Systemic inflammation results in increased levels of circulating…

…of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18% show significant valvular disease. Table 1. Etiologies in…

Procedurer The result of a repair is determined before the first needle goes in. A wound that has not been irrigated clean, has not been…

…determines the outcome of a central venous catheter insertion is decided before the needle goes in: the choice of site, the use of ultrasound throughout…

…in three sizes, a stylet or bougie taken out and shaped before induction , a syringe for the cuff, a cuff manometer. A laryngeal mask of…

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

…rigors, abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the…

…An acute phase protein — a normal ferritin does not exclude iron deficiency in the presence of inflammation Transferrin saturation 15–50 % < 15 % indicates iron…

…anaesthesia. Placenta praevia or ruptured membranes in pregnancy — a speculum may be used, but not digital examination until the position of the placenta is known…