…heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be actively considered [1]. Do the following early: 1. Assess airway, work of breathing, level…

…Contraindications and when to involve a surgeon The following locations must not be handled routinely in primary care or in the emergency department without contacting…

…Indirect criteria after circulatory arrest, following a five minute no touch period The circulation at retrieval Maintained up to retrieval Ceased; warm ischaemic time is…

…failure The insulin requirement falls . Reduce the dose and measure more frequently Acute illness and infection The insulin requirement rises, often despite a reduced food…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Procedurer Definition and Clinical Role Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is a catheter based investigation that visualizes the coronary arterial tree after…

…in order to minimize the probability of missing significant abnormalities. The following parameters must be assessed, in chronological order: Heart rate Rhythm P wave PR…

…injuries, hemodynamic and respiratory instability, multiorgan failure, infections, seizures and temperature management. The ICU is the preferred level of care for the absolute majority. The…

…ECG changes. Significant pericardial effusion may bring about the following ECG changes.: Low voltage: large amounts of pericardial effusion will diminish the QRS amplitudes. Electrical…

…affecting cardiac function or hemodynamics. The following functions are attributed to the pericardium: The pericardium serves as a barrier to infections. The pericardium reduces friction…

Clinical chemistry & laboratory medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Myocardial injury Myocardial injury is a biochemical diagnosis defined by at least one cardiac…