…the arrhythmia is a wide complex tachycardia (WCT) . This initial distinction will guide the rest of the thinking needed to arrive at a final diagnosis…

…is clinically important. As discussed below, this information can aid in diagnosing ischemia and infarction and guide appropriate management strategies. For instance, administering nitroglycerin to…

…fibrillation (AF) on anticoagulation therapy. Its purpose is to guide clinicians in balancing estimating the risks of bleeding. Components of the HEMORR₂HAGES Score The acronym…

…of wire free angiography derived physiology (ALL RISE and FAST III) within this evolving landscape, and proposes an integrated decision pathway for physiology guided revascularization…

…to ask it. Indications Wide complex tachycardia where ventricular tachycardia must be distinguished from supraventricular tachycardia with bundle branch block or aberrancy. Narrow complex tachycardia…

…is preceded by a comprehensive discussion in the chapter Characteristics and Definitions of the Normal ECG, and the accompanying Pocket Guide to ECG Interpretation. 1…

…injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic root, engaging the…

…are incorporated into the J CTO score, which estimates the likelihood of successful antegrade guidewire crossing within 30 minutes. The clinical rationale for CTO PCI…

…Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL: clean with 3–4 swabs in wide circles and let it dry for a couple of minutes before the…

…a smaller size in children. A set with an integrated guidewire (Seldinger technique) helps when the vessel is difficult to puncture. Sterile preparation with chlorhexidine…

…20 mL syringes, a three way tap. A Seldinger set with a guidewire, a dilator and a 5–8 F pigtail catheter , plus a drainage…

…perform systematic interpretation may actually be detrimental. We have therefore compiled a pocket guide with a universal interpretation algorithm. These 22 pages includes all you…

[calc_shunt] Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography: A Guide to Methods and Clinical Relevance The shunt fraction (Qp/Qs) is a critical hemodynamic…

…around 46 % that at least one will fall outside. The ranges below are guide values for adults. The method and the laboratory determine the range —…

…rehabilitation possible, not an alternative to it. See the separate guide to joint aspiration and injection. Indications Condition Injection site Comment : : : Subacromial bursitis, rotator cuff…

…system designed to assess the complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and guide the choice between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting…

…2 kg , but use a length based tool if one is available. This page is a rapid guide, not a treatment review. For a fuller…

…The desired time to action, contraindications and risk of adverse effects should guide the choice of agent. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) Clevidipine Drug Clevidipine Brand…

…Measure serum lactate levels . Elevated lactate is an indicator of tissue hypoperfusion and can guide resuscitative efforts. If the patient presents with hypotension or has…

…The desired time to action, contraindications and risk of adverse effects should guide the choice of agent. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) Clevidipine Drug Clevidipine Brand…

…of TiTrATE, in which Timing, Triggers And Targeted Examination guide the diagnostic process [1]. International guidelines recommend that emergency physicians be trained in HINTS, Dix…

…target ScvO₂ 70–80 % A low value suggests inadequate oxygen delivery Capillary refill < 3 s Equivalent to lactate guided resuscitation in septic shock Haemoglobin…

…Open the mouth, introduce the mask with the aperture facing the tongue and follow the hard palate with your index finger as a guide. 5…

…peak exercise capacity and the heart rate, blood pressure and symptom responses to exertion. These data can guide domestic, occupational, recreational and athletic activity counselling…

…low output, or persistent severe symptoms require close monitoring and consideration of invasive haemodynamic assessment when precise measurements are needed to guide therapy. Diagnostics Electrocardiography…

…is highly relevant is that the identification of a protective factor could guide the development of a pharmacological agent that can alleviate ischemia by inducing…

…non STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA) has guided clinical decision making for decades but carries several limitations, most notably its reliance on ST segment…

…DKA and HHS are dynamic conditions. Treatment must be guided by the clinical response and by repeated laboratory measurements, not by the values on admission…

…a reservoir mask and drifts off into a respiratory acidosis. Treatment is guided by the saturation and the blood gas, not by the diagnosis alone…

…is delivered to the myocardium via the leads, which are guided to the right atrial and ventricular myocardium via a vein (Figure 1). Figure 1…

…young individuals. The severity of symptoms and presence of high risk arrhythmias on ECG guides the management of non acute or asymptomatic bradyarrhythmia. In patients…

…A single dose initially. If treatment is continued, dosing is guided by drug concentration measurement. At a creatinine clearance <20 mL/min, consider an alternative…

…respiratory rate. A blood gas before starting and after about 1 hour — without a blood gas the treatment cannot be guided. A decision on the…

…is mandatory) Relative A very small or loculated effusion — consider image guided puncture in the radiology department The thresholds for the INR and the platelet…

…equipment for arterial sampling. Urinary catheter with hourly urine output measurement — the treatment cannot be guided without reliable measurement of urine output. Baseline tests: blood…

…and thus the selection between them may be guided by individual patient needs rather than by a distinct advantage of one drug over the other…

…while remaining fingers stabilize the grip. The transducer tends to glide out of position due to the gel. One or two fingers may be placed…

…a small and highly selected sub group of patients can reasonable predictions be made (which guides decisions regarding the implantation of ICDs [implantable cardioverter defibrillator])…