…small arteries in the kidneys, retina, and brain. Its clinical retinal signature includes flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and papilloedema. Associated complications may include encephalopathy…

…relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal radiograph. Contraindications An open fracture or a…

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

…the soft part , and held continuously for at least 10 minutes without letting go to look. Compression can be preceded by a dose of decongestant…

…an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline for the block (adrenaline is safe in fingers and toes according to modern data, but there…

…Enteral nutrition and drug administration when the patient cannot swallow safely, for example after a stroke. Sampling of gastric contents and evacuation in poisoning (see…

…between drugs is made without reduction for incomplete cross tolerance. Indications Acute severe nociceptive pain where paracetamol and a COX inhibitor are not enough: fracture…

…Intraosseous access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured, or a major injury proximal to the puncture site…

…neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications A fracture dislocation requiring operative treatment — contact an orthopaedic surgeon before attempting reduction. Posterior shoulder…

…a high riding or impalpable prostate, a pelvic fracture, a straddle injury Relative Recent urethral or prostatic surgery — contact a urologist before attempting Relative A…

…etc. Most cases of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less…

…the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign, an irregular pupil…

…A positive FAST scan in an unstable trauma patient. An unstable pelvic fracture with circulatory compromise. A ruptured aortic aneurysm or another major vascular bleed…

…a patient who is haemodynamically stable enough for there to be time to ask it. Indications Wide complex tachycardia where ventricular tachycardia must be distinguished…

…to both ISR and stent thrombosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is currently the most suitable imaging modality for detecting neoatherosclerosis, although its resolution does not…

…It is a PCI related myocardial infarction when angiography or autopsy documents thrombosis and the diagnostic criteria used for type 1 myocardial infarction are fulfilled…

…the interventions available in BLS, the number needed to treat (NNT) for the ACLS specific interventions is much higher or uncertain, meaning that the efficacy…

…By definition, acute atherothrombotic plaque disruption is not a feature of Type 2 MI. The pathophysiology of Type 2 MI is fundamentally distinct from that…

…deep vein thrombosis with post thrombotic syndrome. Differential diagnosis Feature Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer Diabetic foot ulcer : : : : Site Gaiter area, above the medial malleolus Toes…

…skeletal muscle, a pharmacological feature that may limit muscle related toxicity despite bempedoic acid acting within the same broad cholesterol synthesis pathway as statins. The…

…patients Other leads Greater than or equal to 1 mm These criteria for the other leads apply in the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy or…

…The following table summarizes the common diagnostic criteria for complete and incomplete LBBB: Feature Complete LBBB Incomplete LBBB QRS Duration $\ge 120$ msec [3…

…a high risk feature supporting angiography within 24 hours? Is the patient stable without high risk characteristics and therefore potentially suitable for a selective invasive…

…and disturbed angiogenic signalling. A central biochemical feature is an imbalance between antiangiogenic and angiogenic factors. Placental production of soluble fms like tyrosine kinase 1…

…of the STEMI pathway is ischaemic type chest discomfort, although dyspnoea may also be a presenting feature. The source material emphasizes that patients and families…

…the same symptoms and events. Perhaps the most distinguishing feature was the characteristic ST segment elevations in leads V1–V3. Prevalence and genetics of Brugada…

…Vestibular neuritis, central cause Marked imbalance that makes walking impossible Cerebellar infarction HINTS in continuous vertigo HINTS is not a test for BPPV. It is…

Continous medical discussion: the ECG blog ECG A deep learning ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death: what the new Nature study shows Low risk (blue…

…activity therefore contributes to higher LDL C concentrations. The genetic evidence provides the rationale for therapeutic inhibition. Gain of function PCSK9 mutations are associated with…