…Its visible distal part is the lunula. The matrix horns are the lateral extensions of the matrix, reaching out to the sides beneath the nail…

…dislocation. Immobilisation of a ligament injury, a tendon injury, or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture…

…often missed. On medical and geriatric wards a substantial proportion of older patients are affected, and the incidence is particularly high after hip fracture, major…

…The contralateral side of the septum already cauterised — bilateral cautery carries a risk of perforation Anterior packing: Suspected base of skull fracture or a significant…

…stricture or a known diverticulum Relative Recent nasal or pharyngeal surgery Signs that should raise the suspicion of a base of skull fracture: periorbital bruising…

…is given. The serious incidents almost always arise when the principle of titration is abandoned — when a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a…

…medium for most adults, long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with…

…patient resists internal rotation. Check the axillary nerve: sensation over the lateral part of the deltoid before and after the reduction , together with the distal…

…impairment or a large residual volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a critically ill patient. Perioperatively and postoperatively in longer procedures…

…dislodgement, lead fracture or inadequate myocardial contact. It may also be due to the low amplitude (voltage) of the potentials generated by activated myocardium. Functional…

…the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign, an irregular pupil…

…major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and the simultaneous delivery of red cells, plasma and platelets. Observational data from…

…surgery of the nose, pharynx or oesophagus. Marked nausea, anxiety or communication difficulties that prevent the patient from cooperating. Suspected base of skull fracture or…

…Stent fracture or collapse Residual edge dissection Incomplete lesion preparation Persistent stenosis within the treated segment Mechanical factors are particularly important because correction of the…

…crush technique, stent fracture or collapse Lesion specific angiographic features Residual dissection at a stent margin, impaired flow into or out of the stent, stent…

…be established. Nasopharyngeal airways may cause complications in patients with skull fractures (risk of intracranial malposition of the tube) or coagulopathy (risk of bleeding). An…

…plaque disruption is not a feature of Type 2 MI. The pathophysiology of Type 2 MI is fundamentally distinct from that of Type 1 MI…

…thrombotic syndrome. Differential diagnosis Feature Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer Diabetic foot ulcer : : : : Site Gaiter area, above the medial malleolus Toes, heel, lateral malleolus, pressure points…

…skeletal muscle, a pharmacological feature that may limit muscle related toxicity despite bempedoic acid acting within the same broad cholesterol synthesis pathway as statins. The…

…leads generally indicates very severe ischemia [15]. A key distinguishing feature of ischemic ST elevation is the presence of prominent reciprocal ST depression [4]. Furthermore…

…beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the kidneys, retina, and…

…LBBB) Electrocardiographic Criteria and Characteristics Left bundle branch block is characterized by a significant reorganization of the activation and recovery patterns within the left ventricle…

…a high probability of unstable angina (UA), and patients whose initial findings are less definitive. The defining electrocardiographic feature is the absence of persistent ST…

…angiogenic signalling. A central biochemical feature is an imbalance between antiangiogenic and angiogenic factors. Placental production of soluble fms like tyrosine kinase 1 increases, whereas…

…Presentation and Symptoms The characteristic symptom prompting activation of the STEMI pathway is ischaemic type chest discomfort, although dyspnoea may also be a presenting feature…

…the most distinguishing feature was the characteristic ST segment elevations in leads V1–V3. Prevalence and genetics of Brugada syndrome The prevalence of Brugada syndrome…

…A single central feature is enough to proceed with urgent investigation , and a normal CT of the brain does not exclude an infarction in the…

…the difference in R wave amplitude, note the slurred terminal portion of the R wave in the high risk morphology, which replaces the sharp negative…

…Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a hepatic protein that regulates the availability of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL receptor) on hepatocytes…