…calc_bmi] Body Mass Index (BMI) is a widely used measure of body fat based on height and weight. It is calculated by dividing body…

…mass index 15–19 kg/m² 17–22 kg/m² Ideal and dosing weight Drug dosing often requires a weight other than the actual body…

…high body mass index (BMI) was linked to approximately 4.0 million deaths worldwide, with more than two thirds—roughly 67%—of these fatalities resulting…

…lean mass. Waist circumference and the waist to hip ratio provide additional information about visceral adiposity and may correlate more closely with outcomes than BMI…

…body mass index, and current smoking—account for more than half of the population attributable risk of cardiovascular mortality and approximately one fifth of the…

…ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; extensive vascular calcification; female sex; low body mass index; larger arterial sheaths; greater intensity of procedural anticoagulation; complex coronary anatomy…

…risk among those with resistant hypertension, including older age, Black ethnicity, elevated body mass index, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. Evaluation and Physical Examination The…

…several patient and treatment related factors: Age older than 80 years Female sex Low body mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal…

…used for dosing, not the value normalised to body surface area — the difference is substantial in very small and very large people. Acute kidney injury…

…failure, referred to as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). HFPEF may be more common than heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF, Redfield…

…accuracy. Additionally, considering factors such as patient demographics, muscle mass, and clinical context is essential when interpreting eGFR results to ensure appropriate clinical decision making.

…the human body. Sound waves arise when a sound source generates mechanical vibrations in the particles of the medium. These vibrations continue to propagate through…

…254 255 LV mass/BSA, g/m2 44–88 89–100 101–112 113 50–102 103–116 117–130 131 BSA, Body surface area…

…emphasis has shifted from cooling to fever prevention. Lowering the body temperature to 33 °C has not been shown to improve survival or the neurological…

…cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves and a large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal saline to flush all lumens…

…body temperature water for irrigation. Small children need help to keep still. Sedation is usually better than physical restraint — ketamine provides both immobilisation and less…

…glaucoma (tonometry). Contraindications Absolute contraindications to instrumental removal: Suspected penetrating injury or an intraocular foreign body — shield the eye with a rigid shield, give systemic…

…acute myocardial infarction by more than 50 times. Individuals with homozygous FH typically die from acute myocardial infarction at 20 to 30 years of age…

…surpasses the body's capacity for heat elimination. Hyperthermia can induce an inflammatory state similar to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Body temperatures surpassing…

…epinephrine) and defibrillation procedures should be deferred until the body temperature exceeds 30°C. This is due to the diminished efficacy of these interventions at low…

…to revert a tachycardia and should not be used. Specific dosing adjustments are required in certain patient populations: Pediatric patients: For patients weighing less than…

…Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot provide blood flow commensurate with the body’s requirements…

…supply in order to maintain normal metabolism. If oxygen supply is less than oxygen demand, ischemia develops. Myocardial cells can switch to anaerobic metabolism and…

Procedurer The doses below apply to adults unless otherwise stated, and paediatric doses are given per kilogram with the stated maximum. Always check against the…

…as ranges to stay within than as figures to strive for. Ventilation In ARDS: a tidal volume of 4–8 mL/kg ideal body weight…

…mm. Limitations Formulas assume normal body habitus Ethnic variations may require adjusted thresholds Always correlate with imaging measurements Not valid for pediatric patients <15 years

…36 mm 13 17 mm/m2 Aortic arch 22 36 mm Descending aorta 20 30 mm ​Adjustment refers to adjusting for body surface area (BSA)…

…muscles . As compared to the mitral valve, the tricuspid valve is located slightly more apically (<0.8 mm / m 2 BSA [body surface area]). Approximately…

…17 mm/m2 Aortic arch 22 36 mm Descending aorta 20 30 mm ​Indexing means that the value is adjusted for body surface area (BSA)…

…5. At the same time, start treatment that eliminates potassium from the body. 6. Check the plasma potassium after about 1 hour and follow the…

…130 to 134 mmol/L Moderate 125 to 129 mmol/L Severe Below 125 mmol/L Duration Definition : : Acute Documented development within less than 48…

…z score with a lower limit of normal at z = −1.64 (the fifth percentile) has been recommended in preference to fixed percentage thresholds…

…volume/BSA, mL/m2 22 ± 6 29–33 34–39 40 22 ± 6 29–33 34–39 40 ​BSA, Body surface area; LA, left atrial…

…solution. Cumulative doses of more than 5 mg/kg should not be given within 24 hours. If conversion to sinus rhythm is not successful, blood…

…pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema and body weight, often within days. However, diuretic treatment has not been shown formally to reduce heart failure mortality; its established…

…inflammation and fibrosis Reduction in body weight and haemoglobin A1c Increased uricosuria, with plasma uric acid reduction of approximately 10% to 15% Possible effects on…

…and body surface area (estimated by weight and height). Thus, cardiac index is cardiac output normalized to body surface area. The ultrasound system calculates body…

…of epinephrine (20 50 μg) or an epinephrine infusion (0.01 to 0.10 μg/kg/min). Pediatric dosage : 0.01 mg/kg…

…enabling them to function as electrical conductors. As a result, the electrical currents produced by the myocardium are transmitted through the body to the skin…

…pandemic. Indeed, a growing body of evidence suggests that heart failure is now the most frequent complication of diabetes ( Shah et al, McMurray et al )…

…pandemic. Indeed, a growing body of evidence suggests that heart failure is now the most frequent complication of diabetes ( Shah et al, McMurray et al )…

…was a physiological reaction that was necessary to maintain normal hemodynamics, hence the term essential . However, a growing body of science suggests that essential hypertension…

…ECG recorded on the body surface). This is because the electrical potentials generated by the sinoatrial node are much too small to be detected on…

…the acute phase of STEMI. Death due to ventricular dysfunction, or mechanical complications, is much less common in the acute phase. The chain of care…

…weeks Less often, with syncope Implantable loop recorder Contraindications None. Practical obstacles are skin disease or allergy to the electrode gel, and marked body hair…

…A short course (no more than 7 days) may be given to selected patients with an eGFR of 30 40 mL/min for lower urinary…

…more common, particularly at very high osmolality Blood ketones are preferable to urine ketones. The principal ketone body in DKA is beta hydroxybutyrate, whereas ordinary…

…a longer interval for all opioids Obesity Dose according to effect, not according to total body weight Concomitant benzodiazepine A markedly increased risk of respiratory…

…sensation, itching, earache or dizziness attributable to a wax plug. The tympanic membrane cannot be inspected and the examination is needed for the diagnosis. Before…

…It is a bridge to a permanent pacemaker or to resolution of the underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body temperature below about 30 °C…

…shorter DAPT regimens are used. BMS now account for less than 10% of contemporary PCI procedures according to the source material. First generation DES The…

…Conversely, atrial fibrillation and non cardiac comorbidities are less frequent than in HFpEF. The clinical population is heterogeneous because the HFmrEF range includes both patients…

…Pediatric patients Body weight < 50 kg: Initial dose: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg Second dose: Increase the dose by 0.05 to…

…to body position or respiration? Ischemic chest pain is usually described as pressure, squeezing, or a crushing sensation across the precordium and may radiate to…

…any hard material) to tilt the body 15 to 30° to the left. The supporting surface should be sufficiently rigid to ensure chest compressions remain…

…due to drowning Electrocution Cardiac arrest due to electrical current through the heart. Asphyxia Asphyxia as a result of external causes, for example foreign body…

…volumes, which satisfy the body's oxygen demand despite smaller ejection fractions. In general, individuals with small ventricular volumes tend to have high ejection fractions…

…The physical laws that govern blood flow are fundamental in echocardiography. Conventional two dimensional (2D) echocardiography and Doppler studies are sufficient to study velocities, volumes…

…is immense and the procedure may be used in numerous situations, ranging from health screening to assessment of symptoms after coronary artery bypass surgery. Traditionally…

…Moreover, the ultrasound system performs several calculates based on these parameters (e.g adjusting various dimensions/volumes to body surface area). Heart rate and blood…