…a BMI between 25 and 35. Body mass index For people of South Asian, Chinese and Japanese origin, lower thresholds apply: overweight from a BMI…

…by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Severe obesity is generally defined as BMI ≥35 kg/m2, while BMI ≥50 kg/m2…

…calc_bmi] Body Mass Index (BMI) is a widely used measure of body fat based on height and weight. It is calculated by dividing body…

…In 2015, high body mass index (BMI) was linked to approximately 4.0 million deaths worldwide, with more than two thirds—roughly 67%—of these…

…diabetes, body mass index, and current smoking—account for more than half of the population attributable risk of cardiovascular mortality and approximately one fifth of…

…ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; extensive vascular calcification; female sex; low body mass index; larger arterial sheaths; greater intensity of procedural anticoagulation; complex coronary anatomy…

…risk among those with resistant hypertension, including older age, Black ethnicity, elevated body mass index, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. Evaluation and Physical Examination The…

…treatment related factors: Age older than 80 years Female sex Low body mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history…

…an eGFR of 50 and A1. Estimating renal function Formula Used for : : CKD EPI 2021 (creatinine) The first choice for eGFR in adults Cystatin C…

…valvular function, and ventricular function. A large body of science has demonstrated that these parameters are highly interdependent and rather complex. Indeed, myocardial mechanics constitute…

…sex, and race to provide an eGFR value normalized to a standard body surface area of 1.73 m². Advantages of MDRD eGFR Clinical utility…

…metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves arise when a sound source generates mechanical vibrations in the particles of the medium…

…7 5.8–6.1 6.2 4.2–5.9 6.0–6.3 6.4–6.8 6.9 LV diastolic diameter/BSA…

…Lowering the body temperature to 33 °C has not been shown to improve survival or the neurological outcome compared with keeping the patient normothermic — but…

…before puncture. Maximal barrier precautions: cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves and a large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal…

…can cause perforation in seven hours. Indications Every foreign body in the ear canal or the nasal cavity must be removed. The urgency varies: Object…

…dye adheres where the epithelium is absent. Vertical, linear scratch marks suggest a foreign body under the upper eyelid. 7. Seidel's sign: apply fluorescein…

…completely different. It took roughly 50 years for researchers to finally conclude that high cholesterol levels caused coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis in general. This…

…dizziness, syncope. Cold environment. Cold intravenous fluids (1 2 L crystalloid, with rate 500 ml/h). Cold shower. Ice packs. Heat stroke ( 40°C) Neurological symptoms…

…life (Frei et al.). When hypothermia precedes cardiac arrest, the body has undergone cooling before circulatory cessation, enhancing the likelihood of survival. In such instances…

…required in certain patient populations: Pediatric patients: For patients weighing less than 50 kg, the dosing should be 0.05 to 0.3 mg/kg…

…Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot provide blood flow commensurate with the body’s requirements…

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

…hypocalcaemia, calcium channel blocker poisoning 0.2 mL/kg Sodium bicarbonate 50 mmol in hyperkalaemia or tricyclic poisoning 1 mmol/kg Reversible causes: hypoxia, hypovolaemia…

…within than as figures to strive for. Ventilation In ARDS: a tidal volume of 4–8 mL/kg ideal body weight, a plateau pressure ≤ 30…

…measurement in evaluating aortic root morphology. Age stratified formulas help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of…

…0 11.5 ± 0.9 16.8 ± 1.4 16.6 ± 1.5 50–59 12.0 ± 0.9 11.5 ± 0.9 17.9…

…compared to the mitral valve, the tricuspid valve is located slightly more apically (<0.8 mm / m 2 BSA [body surface area]). Approximately 85% 90…

…0 11.5 ± 0.9 16.8 ± 1.4 16.6 ± 1.5 50–59 12.0 ± 0.9 11.5 ± 0.9 17.9…

…not exclude dangerous hyperkalaemia. Record a 12 lead ECG and start cardiac monitoring at a plasma potassium above 6.0 mmol/L, and at lower…

…of water balance. The plasma sodium reflects the ratio between the body's exchangeable sodium and potassium and the total body water. In hypotonic hyponatraemia…

…which requires body plethysmography DLCO Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide An obstructive pattern: FEV₁/FVC below the lower limit of normal (traditionally < 0.70…

…2.9 3.0 RA minor axis dimension, cm 2.9–4.5 4.6–4.9 5.0–5.4 5.5 2.9…

Info [calc_vernakalant] Indications for vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess) is indicated in adults for chemical conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant is…

…sodium and water balance. They can reduce jugular venous pressure, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema and body weight, often within days. However, diuretic treatment has not…

…subtype 3 activity Attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis Reduction in body weight and haemoglobin A1c Increased uricosuria, with plasma uric acid reduction of…

…Cardiac Index (CI) Cardiac Index (CI) is the ratio between cardiac output (CO) and body surface area (estimated by weight and height). Thus, cardiac index…

…dosage : 0.01 mg/kg. Administer 100% oxygen promptly and ensure oxygen saturation remains 94%. Provide an intravenous or intraosseous fluid bolus, beginning with 500…

…As a result, the electrical currents produced by the myocardium are transmitted through the body to the skin, where they can be detected using electrodes…

…problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the…

…problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the…

…However, a growing body of science suggests that essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease caused by a complex interplay between genes and environment. Industrialization and…

…block cannot be diagnosed using surface ECG (i.e. ECG recorded on the body surface). This is because the electrical potentials generated by the sinoatrial…

…AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). A large body of evidence, based on randomized controlled clinical trials, supports…

…20 % during the night. Pattern Nocturnal fall Comment : : : Dipper 10–20 % Normal Non dipper < 10 % Independent risk marker Reverse dipper ≤ 0 %, night time pressure…

…three times daily 875/125 mg three times daily 500/125 mg three times daily 500/125 mg twice daily Flucloxacillin 1 g three times…

…This quick reference is intended primarily for adults and summarises the order in which measures are taken and the principles that are common to all…

…approximate. When switching between opioids, cross tolerance is incomplete: reduce the calculated equianalgesic dose by 25–50 per cent and titrate. At a high dose…

…a soft irrigation catheter, or an electric ear irrigator with pressure limitation, body temperature water or saline ( 36–37 °C ), a kidney dish, a towel…

…underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body temperature below about 30 °C — the hypothermic myocardium is irritable and pacing can precipitate ventricular fibrillation. Prioritise rewarming…

…eliminate it. Angiographic restenosis—defined in the source material as follow up diameter stenosis greater than 50%—occurred in 20–30% of patients, while clinically…

…and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), defined by an LVEF ≥50%. The ejection fraction classification is clinically useful but should not be regarded…

…dose: Increase the dose by 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg. Maximum single dose: 0.3 mg/kg Body weight 50 kg: Adult dosage…

…reduces blood availability in the heart. Symptoms of ischemic heart disease are generally not related to body position or respiration. Triggering factors Symptoms triggered by…

…of the vena cava can be accomplished using a wedge board (or any hard material) to tilt the body 15 to 30° to the left…

…electrical current through the heart. Asphyxia Asphyxia as a result of external causes, for example foreign body, hanging or strangulation. Drug overdose Intentional or accidental…

…the fact that the athlete's heart produces significantly larger stroke volumes, which satisfy the body's oxygen demand despite smaller ejection fractions. In general…

…= [c · (f r f e )] / [2 · f u · cos ϴ] The speed of sound (c) in the human body is constant (1540 m/s)…

…In fact, a large body of evidence demonstrates that the strongest predictor of cardiovascular and overall mortality is maximal (peak) oxygen uptake, which is a…

…required to evaluate the examination. Most echocardiographic parameters vary with age, gender and body size (see Normal values for echocardiography). Moreover, the ultrasound system performs…