…defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Severe obesity is generally defined as BMI ≥35 kg/m2, while BMI ≥50 kg…

…calc_bmi] Body Mass Index (BMI) is a widely used measure of body fat based on height and weight. It is calculated by dividing body…

…a BMI between 25 and 35. Body mass index For people of South Asian, Chinese and Japanese origin, lower thresholds apply: overweight from a BMI…

…In 2015, high body mass index (BMI) was linked to approximately 4.0 million deaths worldwide, with more than two thirds—roughly 67%—of these…

…diabetes, body mass index, and current smoking—account for more than half of the population attributable risk of cardiovascular mortality and approximately one fifth of…

…ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; extensive vascular calcification; female sex; low body mass index; larger arterial sheaths; greater intensity of procedural anticoagulation; complex coronary anatomy…

…risk among those with resistant hypertension, including older age, Black ethnicity, elevated body mass index, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. Evaluation and Physical Examination The…

…treatment related factors: Age older than 80 years Female sex Low body mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history…

…for 6–12 h 2 2.0–2.9 × the baseline < 0.5 mL/kg/h for ≥ 12 h 3 ≥ 3.0 × the baseline…

…valvular function, and ventricular function. A large body of science has demonstrated that these parameters are highly interdependent and rather complex. Indeed, myocardial mechanics constitute…

…sex, and race to provide an eGFR value normalized to a standard body surface area of 1.73 m². Advantages of MDRD eGFR Clinical utility…

…metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves arise when a sound source generates mechanical vibrations in the particles of the medium…

…254 255 LV mass/BSA, g/m2 44–88 89–100 101–112 113 50–102 103–116 117–130 131 BSA, Body surface area…

…Lowering the body temperature to 33 °C has not been shown to improve survival or the neurological outcome compared with keeping the patient normothermic — but…

…before puncture. Maximal barrier precautions: cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves and a large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal…

…4 % with oxymetazoline 0.5 % on pledgets. Mineral oil or lidocaine to kill an insect in the ear canal. A 30–60 mL syringe with…

…suspected chemical injury the priorities are reversed: irrigate first , for at least 30 minutes, and measure the pH in the conjunctival sac before anything else…

…more than 50 times. Individuals with homozygous FH typically die from acute myocardial infarction at 20 to 30 years of age. People with familial hypercholesterolemia…

…Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of 0.1°C/min during the cooling process. Malignant hyperthermia Malignant hyperthermia may manifest under…

…life (Frei et al.). When hypothermia precedes cardiac arrest, the body has undergone cooling before circulatory cessation, enhancing the likelihood of survival. In such instances…

…dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside present throughout the body that interacts with G protein coupled A1 receptors located on the extracellular…

…Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot provide blood flow commensurate with the body’s requirements…

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

…3–5 min Amiodarone 300 mg IV after the 3rd defibrillation, a further 150 mg after the 5th 5 mg/kg, maximum 300 mg Lidocaine …

…to strive for. Ventilation In ARDS: a tidal volume of 4–8 mL/kg ideal body weight, a plateau pressure ≤ 30 cmH₂O, a driving pressure…

…measurement in evaluating aortic root morphology. Age stratified formulas help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of…

…9 ± 1.5 11.2 ± 1.4 Aortic regurgitation (AR) Primary parameters Mild regurgitation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) < 0,3 0…

…compared to the mitral valve, the tricuspid valve is located slightly more apically (<0.8 mm / m 2 BSA [body surface area]). Approximately 85% 90…

…9 ± 1.5 11.2 ± 1.4 Aortic regurgitation (AR) Primary parameters Mild regurgitation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) < 0.3 0…

…not exclude dangerous hyperkalaemia. Record a 12 lead ECG and start cardiac monitoring at a plasma potassium above 6.0 mmol/L, and at lower…

…however, treatment must not be delayed [1,3]. Severe symptoms: treat immediately Hypertonic sodium chloride Give hypertonic saline 30 mg/mL, 3 per cent, 100…

…with a PEEP ≥ 5 cmH₂O : : Mild 26.6–40 kPa (200–300 mmHg) Moderate 13.3–26.6 kPa (100–200 mmHg) Severe ≤ 13.3…

…cm 2.7–3.8 3.9–4.2 4.3–4.6 4.7 3.0–4.0 4.1–4.6 4.7…

Info [calc_vernakalant] Indications for vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess) is indicated in adults for chemical conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant is…

…sodium and water balance. They can reduce jugular venous pressure, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema and body weight, often within days. However, diuretic treatment has not…

…subtype 3 activity Attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis Reduction in body weight and haemoglobin A1c Increased uricosuria, with plasma uric acid reduction of…

…Cardiac Index (CI) Cardiac Index (CI) is the ratio between cardiac output (CO) and body surface area (estimated by weight and height). Thus, cardiac index…

…wheezing, or coughing before cardiac arrest also speak for anaphylaxis (airway obstruction caused by a foreign body is an important differential). Treatment of anaphylaxis and…

…As a result, the electrical currents produced by the myocardium are transmitted through the body to the skin, where they can be detected using electrodes…

…has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel et al, Savarese et…

…has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel et al, Savarese et…

…However, a growing body of science suggests that essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease caused by a complex interplay between genes and environment. Industrialization and…

…block cannot be diagnosed using surface ECG (i.e. ECG recorded on the body surface). This is because the electrical potentials generated by the sinoatrial…

…AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). A large body of evidence, based on randomized controlled clinical trials, supports…

…and 7 night time values, and with a measurement interval of no more than 30 minutes throughout the 24 hours. Phenotype Office blood pressure ABPM…

…of obese patients, an adjusted body weight is used: adjusted weight = ideal weight + 0.4 x (actual weight minus ideal weight). Red flags and…

…3 and bicarbonate ≥ 15 mmol/L Hyperosmolality Not required Effective osmolality 300 mosm/kg or total osmolality 320 mosm/kg Typical patient Often type 1…

…30 mL/min Avoid morphine (the active metabolite accumulates). Oxycodone at a reduced dose, at longer intervals Age 75 years Start at half the adult…

…Irrigation: a 30–60 mL syringe with a soft irrigation catheter, or an electric ear irrigator with pressure limitation, body temperature water or saline ( 36…

…underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body temperature below about 30 °C — the hypothermic myocardium is irritable and pacing can precipitate ventricular fibrillation. Prioritise rewarming…

…eliminate it. Angiographic restenosis—defined in the source material as follow up diameter stenosis greater than 50%—occurred in 20–30% of patients, while clinically…

…in which the heart cannot provide blood flow commensurate with the body’s requirements or can do so only at the cost of elevated filling…

…dose: Increase the dose by 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg. Maximum single dose: 0.3 mg/kg Body weight 50 kg: Adult dosage…

…reduces blood availability in the heart. Symptoms of ischemic heart disease are generally not related to body position or respiration. Triggering factors Symptoms triggered by…

…of the vena cava can be accomplished using a wedge board (or any hard material) to tilt the body 15 to 30° to the left…

…electrical current through the heart. Asphyxia Asphyxia as a result of external causes, for example foreign body, hanging or strangulation. Drug overdose Intentional or accidental…

…the fact that the athlete's heart produces significantly larger stroke volumes, which satisfy the body's oxygen demand despite smaller ejection fractions. In general…

…= [c · (f r f e )] / [2 · f u · cos ϴ] The speed of sound (c) in the human body is constant (1540 m/s)…

…In fact, a large body of evidence demonstrates that the strongest predictor of cardiovascular and overall mortality is maximal (peak) oxygen uptake, which is a…

…obtain all views and the best possible image quality. A standard study takes approximately 30 60 minutes. Each examination must be stored in a database…