…Normal adult 1.6–2.0 m². Nutritional screening Unintentional weight loss 5 % over three months or 10 % over six months, a BMI < 20…

…calc_bmi] Body Mass Index (BMI) is a widely used measure of body fat based on height and weight. It is calculated by dividing body…

…In 2015, high body mass index (BMI) was linked to approximately 4.0 million deaths worldwide, with more than two thirds—roughly 67%—of these…

…defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Severe obesity is generally defined as BMI ≥35 kg/m2, while BMI ≥50 kg…

…diabetes, body mass index, and current smoking—account for more than half of the population attributable risk of cardiovascular mortality and approximately one fifth of…

…ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; extensive vascular calcification; female sex; low body mass index; larger arterial sheaths; greater intensity of procedural anticoagulation; complex coronary anatomy…

…risk among those with resistant hypertension, including older age, Black ethnicity, elevated body mass index, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. Evaluation and Physical Examination The…

…treatment related factors: Age older than 80 years Female sex Low body mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history…

…for 6–12 h 2 2.0–2.9 × the baseline < 0.5 mL/kg/h for ≥ 12 h 3 ≥ 3.0 × the baseline…

…valvular function, and ventricular function. A large body of science has demonstrated that these parameters are highly interdependent and rather complex. Indeed, myocardial mechanics constitute…

…sex, and race to provide an eGFR value normalized to a standard body surface area of 1.73 m². Advantages of MDRD eGFR Clinical utility…

…metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves arise when a sound source generates mechanical vibrations in the particles of the medium…

…0 1.1–1.3 1.4–1.6 1.7 2D METOD LV mass, g 66–150 151–171 172–182 193 96–200…

…Lowering the body temperature to 33 °C has not been shown to improve survival or the neurological outcome compared with keeping the patient normothermic — but…

…before puncture. Maximal barrier precautions: cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves and a large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal…

…can cause perforation in seven hours. Indications Every foreign body in the ear canal or the nasal cavity must be removed. The urgency varies: Object…

…dye adheres where the epithelium is absent. Vertical, linear scratch marks suggest a foreign body under the upper eyelid. 7. Seidel's sign: apply fluorescein…

…In the UK it was estimated that around 200.000 individuals stopped taking their statins after a study reported that there was no association between…

…Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of 0.1°C/min during the cooling process. Malignant hyperthermia Malignant hyperthermia may manifest under…

…life (Frei et al.). When hypothermia precedes cardiac arrest, the body has undergone cooling before circulatory cessation, enhancing the likelihood of survival. In such instances…

…dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside present throughout the body that interacts with G protein coupled A1 receptors located on the extracellular…

…Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot provide blood flow commensurate with the body’s requirements…

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

…diluted to 0.1 mg/mL 1 µg/kg, titrated Fluid 500–1,000 mL Ringer's acetate rapidly 20 mL/kg Nebulised adrenaline 2…

…mL/kg ideal body weight, a plateau pressure ≤ 30 cmH₂O, a driving pressure ≤ 15 cmH₂O, prone positioning at a P/F ratio < 20 kPa …

…<20 years : ( \text{SOVd} = 1.02 + 0.98 \times \text{BSA} ) 20 39 years : ( \text{SOVd} = 0.97 + 1.12 \times \text{BSA} ) …

…mmHg) < 20 20 40 40 Peak velocity (m/s) 1,8 2,5 2,6 2,9 3,0 4,0 4,0 Peak…

…common cause. Ebstein's anomaly The prevalence of Ebstein's anomaly is approximately 1 case per 200.000 live births (Atthenhofer et al) . Figure 1…

…69 12.5 ± 1.4 12.0 ± 1.1 70 12.7 ± 1.2 12.2 ± 1.3 All 11.9 ± 1.5 11.2 …

…not exclude dangerous hyperkalaemia. Record a 12 lead ECG and start cardiac monitoring at a plasma potassium above 6.0 mmol/L, and at lower…

…30 mg/mL, 3 per cent, 100 mL intravenously over about 10 to 20 minutes . Check the plasma sodium and the clinical response. The bolus…

…which requires body plethysmography DLCO Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide An obstructive pattern: FEV₁/FVC below the lower limit of normal (traditionally < 0.70…

…4.9 5.0–5.4 5.5 RA minor axis dimension/BSA, cm/m2 1.7–2.5 2.6–2.8 2.9…

Info [calc_vernakalant] Indications for vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess) is indicated in adults for chemical conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant is…

…sodium and water balance. They can reduce jugular venous pressure, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema and body weight, often within days. However, diuretic treatment has not…

…subtype 3 activity Attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis Reduction in body weight and haemoglobin A1c Increased uricosuria, with plasma uric acid reduction of…

…Cardiac Index (CI) Cardiac Index (CI) is the ratio between cardiac output (CO) and body surface area (estimated by weight and height). Thus, cardiac index…

…of epinephrine (20 50 μg) or an epinephrine infusion (0.01 to 0.10 μg/kg/min). Pediatric dosage : 0.01 mg/kg…

…completed. The duration of the action potential is approximately 0.20 seconds in atrial myocardium and 0.3 seconds in the ventricular myocardium ( Figure 1 )…

…has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel et al, Savarese et…

…has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel et al, Savarese et…

…However, a growing body of science suggests that essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease caused by a complex interplay between genes and environment. Industrialization and…

…block cannot be diagnosed using surface ECG (i.e. ECG recorded on the body surface). This is because the electrical potentials generated by the sinoatrial…

…AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). A large body of evidence, based on randomized controlled clinical trials, supports…

…< 10 % Independent risk marker Reverse dipper ≤ 0 %, night time pressure higher than daytime The highest risk in the group Extreme dipper 20 % Also unfavourable…

…of obese patients, an adjusted body weight is used: adjusted weight = ideal weight + 0.4 x (actual weight minus ideal weight). Red flags and…

…This quick reference is intended primarily for adults and summarises the order in which measures are taken and the principles that are common to all…

…it further. Starting doses in acute pain in an opioid naive adult Agent Route Starting dose Comment : : : : Morphine IV 2.5–5 mg, repeated after…

…a soft irrigation catheter, or an electric ear irrigator with pressure limitation, body temperature water or saline ( 36–37 °C ), a kidney dish, a towel…

…underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body temperature below about 30 °C — the hypothermic myocardium is irritable and pacing can precipitate ventricular fibrillation. Prioritise rewarming…

…eliminate it. Angiographic restenosis—defined in the source material as follow up diameter stenosis greater than 50%—occurred in 20–30% of patients, while clinically…

…in which the heart cannot provide blood flow commensurate with the body’s requirements or can do so only at the cost of elevated filling…

…dose: Increase the dose by 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg. Maximum single dose: 0.3 mg/kg Body weight 50 kg: Adult dosage…

…reduces blood availability in the heart. Symptoms of ischemic heart disease are generally not related to body position or respiration. Triggering factors Symptoms triggered by…

…in the supine position in a cardiac arrest. For women beyond the 20 th week of pregnancy, or when the fundal height surpasses the umbilicus…

…electrical current through the heart. Asphyxia Asphyxia as a result of external causes, for example foreign body, hanging or strangulation. Drug overdose Intentional or accidental…

…the fact that the athlete's heart produces significantly larger stroke volumes, which satisfy the body's oxygen demand despite smaller ejection fractions. In general…

…= [c · (f r f e )] / [2 · f u · cos ϴ] The speed of sound (c) in the human body is constant (1540 m/s)…

…In fact, a large body of evidence demonstrates that the strongest predictor of cardiovascular and overall mortality is maximal (peak) oxygen uptake, which is a…

…required to evaluate the examination. Most echocardiographic parameters vary with age, gender and body size (see Normal values for echocardiography). Moreover, the ultrasound system performs…