Procedurer Alkalinising the urine increases the excretion of weak acids by keeping them in a charged form in the tubular fluid, where they cannot be…

…lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side, with the needle tip directed volarly until a weal forms over the…

…safe triangle (Figure 1). Outside it the risk of injuring the diaphragm, liver, spleen or internal thoracic artery increases. For diagnostic aspiration the point chosen…

…corticosteroids. The time limit and the choice of closure strategy The classical limit of 6–8 hours for primary closure rests on weak evidence. More…

…Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, a half life of several days and more than a hundred clinically relevant interactions. What determines whether the treatment…

…body surface area (BSA), given in square metres. Aorta, standardised values Standardised values (mean ± SD) Age Aortic annulus, women Aortic annulus, men Sinuses of Valsalva…

…morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of diastolic flow Jet width colour Doppler small…

…report. A shave biopsy of a pigmented lesion that turns out to be a melanoma can make the Breslow thickness unmeasurable and staging therefore impossible…

…hyperkeratotic Pulses Palpable Weak or absent May be palpable despite ischaemia ABI 0.9 < 0.9 Often falsely high Contraindications to compression The ankle…

…A cold spray or a lidocaine weal. Site Triamcinolone hexacetonide 20 mg/mL Methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg/mL Volume of lidocaine : : : : Subacromial 20 mg (1…

…abnormal often abnormal abnormal, possibly flail CW profile mitral regurgitation weak variable dense Shape CW profile mitral regurgitation parabolic variable early peak, triangular Size left…

…between diameter stenosis and haemodynamic significance is weak, particularly for intermediate lesions. Even lesions with a visual diameter reduction of 50–70% may or may…

…effect Unfractionated heparin Protamine Antiplatelet agents Platelet transfusion has weak evidence; discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding…

…choice) Slower, 20–30 min Intradermal (ID) Tuberculin (PPD), skin prick testing, a local anaesthetic weal, BCG Slow, local effect Contraindications Absolute: Infection, a wound…

…1 cm² ZTime velocity integral of the tricuspid inflow (cm) 60 cm Pressure half time (T ½,ms) ≥ 190 ms Right atrium Pressure half time…

…association between ECG changes and the risk of arrhythmia is weak. Hence, arrhythmias may occur in the absence of ECG changes and vice versa (i…

…and a warm, well perfused hand carry more weight. Choice of vessel The radial artery is the first choice : superficial, easy to compress, with a…

…36 mm 13 17 mm/m2 Aortic arch 22 36 mm Descending aorta 20 30 mm ​Adjustment refers to adjusting for body surface area (BSA)…

…1 cm² ZTime velocity integral of the tricuspid inflow (cm) 60 cm Pressure half time (T ½,ms) ≥ 190 ms Right atrium Severly enlarged Vena…