Procedurer Alkalinising the urine increases the excretion of weak acids by keeping them in a charged form in the tubular fluid, where they cannot be…

…a bloodless field one works by feel, and by feel nail spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : …

…safe triangle (Figure 1). Outside it the risk of injuring the diaphragm, liver, spleen or internal thoracic artery increases. For diagnostic aspiration the point chosen…

…on the hand. These are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic…

…Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, a half life of several days and more than a hundred clinically relevant interactions. What determines whether the treatment…

…body surface area (BSA), given in square metres. Aorta, standardised values Standardised values (mean ± SD) Age Aortic annulus, women Aortic annulus, men Sinuses of Valsalva…

…morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of diastolic flow Jet width colour Doppler small…

…report. A shave biopsy of a pigmented lesion that turns out to be a melanoma can make the Breslow thickness unmeasurable and staging therefore impossible…

…hyperkeratotic Pulses Palpable Weak or absent May be palpable despite ischaemia ABI 0.9 < 0.9 Often falsely high Contraindications to compression The ankle…

…A cold spray or a lidocaine weal. Site Triamcinolone hexacetonide 20 mg/mL Methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg/mL Volume of lidocaine : : : : Subacromial 20 mg (1…

…regurgitation weak variable dense Shape CW profile mitral regurgitation parabolic variable early peak, triangular Size left atrium normal normal or dilated dilated Size left ventricle…

…between diameter stenosis and haemodynamic significance is weak, particularly for intermediate lesions. Even lesions with a visual diameter reduction of 50–70% may or may…

…effect Unfractionated heparin Protamine Antiplatelet agents Platelet transfusion has weak evidence; discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding…

…choice) Slower, 20–30 min Intradermal (ID) Tuberculin (PPD), skin prick testing, a local anaesthetic weal, BCG Slow, local effect Contraindications Absolute: Infection, a wound…

…morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of diastolic flow Jet width colour Doppler small…

…association between ECG changes and the risk of arrhythmia is weak. Hence, arrhythmias may occur in the absence of ECG changes and vice versa (i…

…and a warm, well perfused hand carry more weight. Choice of vessel The radial artery is the first choice : superficial, easy to compress, with a…

…moderate severe CW profile aortic regurgitation weak variable dense Size left atrium normal normal or enlarged enlarged Size left ventricle normal normal or enlarged enlarged…

…morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of diastolic flow Jet width colour Doppler small…