…fine needle is tolerated at considerably worse values. Follow the local protocol. Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array or linear probe. Sterile clothing…

…through a 20 mL syringe and a large bore needle. Chlorhexidine in alcohol to the skin around the wound — not into the wound. Sterile gloves…

…clean with 3–4 swabs in wide circles and let it dry for a couple of minutes before the needle is inserted. Sterile gloves, sterile…

…G needle on a 2 mL syringe as a handle. A low speed rust ring burr if one is available. Sterile saline with a syringe…

…27 G needle, a 5 mL syringe. A tourniquet: a Penrose drain with artery forceps, or the cut off finger of a sterile glove rolled…

…sterile gloves, fenestrated drape, sterile gauze. Local anaesthetic: lidocaine 10 mg/mL, usually 5–10 mL, with a longer needle so that the periosteum can…

…with no bowel in the path of the needle and measure the skin to peritoneum distance. 2. Mark the site. Sterile preparation and draping. 3…

…parallel with the procedure, not before it. Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a sector probe (the same probe as for echocardiography) and a sterile probe…

…insertion. 3. Stretch the skin with the thumb and index finger, or compress the muscle in a slim patient. 4. Insert the needle perpendicularly , quickly…

…the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with a three way tap — intraosseous flow requires pressure ; gravity is not…