…non inferior to alteplase with respect to an excellent functional outcome, without an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage or death [3]. Acute overview 1…

…and it is the time to haemorrhage control that determines the outcome. Indications Symptomatic anaemia, or a haemoglobin below the applicable transfusion threshold (see below…

…in type 2 diabetes Usually type 2 diabetes, older age and a longer symptomatic course Consciousness Usually preserved, but may be impaired in severe DKA…

…cervical spine surgery, atlantoaxial instability, severe rheumatoid arthritis of the neck. Symptomatic carotid stenosis, recent stroke or TIA in the vertebrobasilar territory. Retinal detachment. Relative:…

…excitation with atrial fibrillation and a very rapid ventricular rate. Elective or subacute: Symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation where rhythm control is the aim. Atrial flutter…

…Acute coronary syndrome within 48 hours, or ongoing unstable angina. Uncontrolled symptomatic arrhythmia. Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Decompensated heart failure. Acute pulmonary embolism or deep…

…not to normalise the plasma sodium. Chronic or minimally symptomatic hyponatraemia must be corrected in a controlled fashion, since too rapid a rise can cause…

…Haemarthrosis after trauma. A symptomatic effusion causing pain or restricted movement (therapeutic aspiration). Intra articular corticosteroid injection in verified inflammatory or osteoarthritis related joint disease…

…with a pH below 7.20, haemothorax, a symptomatic or large pneumothorax, recurrent malignant effusion (often combined with pleurodesis), and in chest trauma and postoperatively…

… otherwise the treatment is ineffective. Hypocalcaemia , symptomatic. Alkalosis increases the binding of calcium to albumin and lowers ionised calcium further; risk of tetany and seizures…

…referred to as sinus node dysfunction (SND). If a person with ECG signs of SND is symptomatic, the condition is classified as sick sinus syndrome…

…However, clinicians may need to reduce the dose of diuretic during the initiation of an ACE inhibitor to prevent symptomatic hypotension. Diagnostics The source material…

…make the diagnosis more likely. HFpEF and HFmrEF together account for approximately half of patients with symptomatic HF. The distinction is clinically useful but not…

…inhibitors and inducers. Clinical indications Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Ivabradine is an adjunctive option for selected patients with symptomatic HFrEF. The guideline defined…

…promote atherosclerosis. The principal anatomical distributions are: Abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, involved in approximately 30% of symptomatic patients. Femoral and popliteal arteries, involved in…

…coronary heart disease (CAD) and coronary artery disease (CHD) are synonyms. These terms refer to symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis. Traditional classification of coronary artery disease Traditionally…

…particularly high risk of developing life threatening arrhythmias. Antiarrhythmic drugs Disopyramide Indications Prophylaxis and treatment of symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Prophylaxis and treatment of atrial fibrillation…

…Approximately 70% of individuals with symptomatic pulmonary embolism have an ongoing DVT, and 30% of individuals with DVT have asymptomatic pulmonary emboli ( Di Nisio et…

…any of the four abovementioned conditions. The majority of patients will experience symptoms, although some cases are asymptomatic. Symptomatic patients typically experience fatigue, dizziness, dyspnea…

…coronary heart disease (CAD) and coronary artery disease (CHD) are synonyms. These terms refer to symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis. Traditional classification of coronary artery disease Traditionally…

…DrugBank search Aclarubicin Acrivastine QT prolongation has been described (see PubMed link). An antihistamine agent used for the symptomatic relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis, rhinorrhea…

…thresholds. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Most AAAs are asymptomatic and are identified either during routine abdominal examination or incidentally on imaging performed for another indication…

…pulse deficits, or visceral ischaemia. Approximately 25% of PAUs are discovered incidentally on imaging, although an incidental lesion may subsequently become symptomatic or progress. The

…setting. Beta blockers Mechanism and clinical role Beta blockers reduce myocardial oxygen demand and provide symptomatic relief by lowering heart rate and limiting adrenergic stimulation…

…however, identify symptomatic hypotension and symptoms suggestive of orthostatic hypotension as indications for additional postural assessment and as factors influencing treatment targets. Blood pressure ≥180…

…depends on the adequacy of cardiac output. Isolated sinus bradycardia that is unaccompanied by hypotension or ventricular ectopy is generally asymptomatic and hemodynamically stable. However…

…sufficiently high for targeted screening to be cost effective. For asymptomatic stenosis of at least 70%, the reported 5 year ipsilateral stroke risk is 14…

…ischaemic or cardiometabolic cause is suspected. Selected asymptomatic individuals in whom coronary disease is detected incidentally or during cardiovascular risk assessment. The mechanisms overlap clinically…

…least 50%. This distinction is clinically important because the strongest evidence for the four pillar disease modifying strategy applies to symptomatic HFrEF. Clinical presentation and…

…Its primary clinical utility in contemporary practice is late line therapy for patients who remain profoundly symptomatic despite optimal neurohormonal blockade and adequate volume control…

…and clinical phenotype Heart failure with an LVEF greater than 40%—comprising HFmrEF and HFpEF—accounts for approximately half of patients with symptomatic heart failure…

…with one agent. It may also be preferable in patients aged ≥85 years, those with symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, moderate to severe frailty, or very old…

…angina caused by disease in the treated segment. The clinical implications range from asymptomatic angiographic disease to chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), acute coronary syndrome (ACS)…

…Because bradycardia and AV block can be paroxysmal, extended ambulatory monitoring is often required to capture symptomatic events. A typical 24 to 48 hour Holter…

…to patients with symptoms. Current guidance supports revascularisation for significant left main stenosis irrespective of symptomatic status or the documented ischaemic burden. In chronic coronary…

…substantially greater LDL C reductions than ezetimibe in statin intolerant populations. In symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, the international guideline identifies benefit from adding PCSK9 inhibition to…

…disease, the principal symptomatic indication for revascularization is angina that remains refractory despite medical therapy when significant stenoses are anatomically or physiologically suitable for treatment…

…but symptom characteristics and clinical judgement must be incorporated. In symptomatic individuals without known CAD, newer clinical prediction algorithms are preferred over older approaches based…

…assessment. The clinical burden of AF does not reliably predict stroke risk. Infrequent episodes observed during office based assessments may coexist with asymptomatic episodes. Consequently…

…2 AV block, third degree AV block). Sick sinus syndrome or symptomatic bradycardia in the absence of a pacemaker. Hypersensitivity to adenosine. Administration Normal route…

…in most Western populations. Individuals with bicuspid aortic valves may develop symptomatic aortic stenosis already at the age of 60 years. Bicuspid aortic valves also…

…TTN Clinical characteristics of ARVC ARVC is typically concealed (asymptomatic) during childhood and adolescence and becomes symptomatic between the second and fourth decades of life…

…referred to as sinus node dysfunction (SND). If a person with ECG signs of SND is symptomatic, the condition is classified as sick sinus syndrome…

…MI) within 48 hours Ongoing unstable angina Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia with hemodynamic compromise Active endocarditis Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis Decompensated heart failure Acute pulmonary embolism…

…young individuals. The severity of symptoms and presence of high risk arrhythmias on ECG guides the management of non acute or asymptomatic bradyarrhythmia. In patients…

…typically becomes symptomatic at rest when the valve area is reduced to 1.5 cm 2 . During physical activity, mitral stenosis may become symptomatic already…

…toward them. A permanent pacemaker is generally indicated when reversible causes are absent and the patient is symptomatic or at risk of developing symptoms. The…

…haemodynamics, not the volume of fluid. A litre that has accumulated slowly can be asymptomatic, while 150 mL collected over an hour causes tamponade. The…

…to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A:…

…on the coronary arteries. The tumors can be asymptomatic for a long time and be detected randomly when investigating other conditions. More dramatic onset of…

…Routine gynaecological examination of asymptomatic women has not been shown to improve outcomes and is not part of the screening programme — screening consists of the…

…term hypertensive urgency is best avoided. It implies that an asymptomatic rise in blood pressure must be treated urgently, which is not supported by evidence…

…and APS. Some patient groups have a two to three fold greater prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than the general population. The evidence…

…presentation is notoriously heterogeneous, ranging from lifelong asymptomatic ECG anomalies to electrical storm and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) as the index presentation. Over the past…

…the outer cell membrane. Clinical presentation of Brugada syndrome Most patients are asymptomatic until the age of 20 to 55 years. The disorder may manifest…

…heart failure. Routine opening of a persistently occluded infarct related artery in a stable and asymptomatic patient is by contrast not recommended [1,5]. STEMI…

…5–7 mg/kg IV as a single dose Urosepsis with shock and suspected ESBL meropenem 1 g × 3 IV Do not treat asymptomatic bacteriuria…

…not normally need investigation on the basis of an isolated, asymptomatic low sensor reading alone. Symptoms Autonomic symptoms Early warning symptoms are due to sympathetic…

…strategy should be considered in patients presenting late (12–48 h) after symptom onset. IIa B In asymptomatic patients, routine PCI of an occluded in

…are available. Further diagnostic imaging solely because calcified plaque is present in an asymptomatic individual is not supported by the available evidence described here. Systematic…