…balloon is filled with sterile water according to the volume printed on the catheter , usually 10 mL in adults. Do not use saline — the salt…

…12 lead ECG machine able to print at 100 mm/s . A sterile oesophageal electrode, usually with colour coded connectors (red and black) and a…

…through a 20 mL syringe and a large bore needle. Chlorhexidine in alcohol to the skin around the wound — not into the wound. Sterile gloves…

…needle on a 2 mL syringe as a handle. A low speed rust ring burr if one is available. Sterile saline with a syringe for…

…mg/mL: clean with 3–4 swabs in wide circles and let it dry for a couple of minutes before the needle is inserted. Sterile…

…Sterile preparation with chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, sterile drape, sterile gloves, mask and cap. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia in the…

…Chlorhexidine in alcohol, sterile gloves, fenestrated drape, sterile gauze. Local anaesthetic: lidocaine 10 mg/mL, usually 5–10 mL, with a longer needle so that…

…mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves and a large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal saline to flush all lumens, suture…

…too soft to pass through the skin on its own. Local anaesthesia: lidocaine 10 mg/mL, a millilitre or two intracutaneously and along the needle…

…needle, a 5 mL syringe. A tourniquet: a Penrose drain with artery forceps, or the cut off finger of a sterile glove rolled down. A…