…because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic prophylaxis. Deep puncture wounds , where the base cannot be inspected or irrigated clean. Wounds with retained foreign material…

…of ultrasound throughout the puncture, and maintaining maximal barrier precautions without shortcuts. The most common serious error is dilating a vessel that turns out to…

…pain of transcutaneous pacing. It is a bridge to a permanent pacemaker or to resolution of the underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body temperature…

…bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even with a reduced level of consciousness…

…to local practice Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of…

…the puncture went. Indications Unexplained cytopenia in one or more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of…

…towards the lateral side with your free hand. The needle is inserted directed medially and slightly caudally, parallel to the posterior surface of the patella…

…at least 2–3 cm of free fluid depth with no bowel in the path of the needle and measure the skin to peritoneum distance…

…swelling. A vein suspected of thrombosis or previously thrombophlebitic. Intraosseous access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured…

…allow to air dry. 2. Anaesthetise the skin with a small amount of lidocaine without adrenaline (epinephrine). 3. Puncture 1–2 cm proximal to the…