…Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal radiograph. Contraindications An open fracture or a wound that needs to be inspected — use a windowed…

…loss of function is a tendon injury that was sutured over without being found. Indications A traumatic wound that gapes and cannot be expected to…

…the anterior axillary line. Thoracostomy This method is generally deemed safer than using a needle due to reduced risk of injury. Thoracostomy should be performed…

…larynx. The difficult airway rarely kills because the tube would not pass, but because the team keeps trying to intubate instead of changing the plan…

ECG Video lecture: Assessment of the QT interval (QTc interval) Corrected QT interval (QTc) calculator Open the calculator →

…open fracture. The anatomy of the nail apparatus The terminology is hard to follow without a picture, and several of the steps below refer to…

…child without an obvious focus, and before every ear syringing. Removal of cerumen: Hearing loss, a blocked sensation, itching, earache or dizziness attributable to a…

…Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAI), together with the antidotes. Material for immobilisation: a shoulder sling, a dorsal backslab, and a colleague to…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation QT duration and corrected QT (QTc) duration ECG interpretation always includes an assessment of the QT interval (QT duration). The…

…precisely the point. Ask the patient to keep the eyes open and look straight ahead — without open eyes there is no diagnosis. Procedure The Dix…

…supported against the patient's nose and cheek . Open the speculum upwards–downwards, never sideways without support. 4. Choose the technique according to the propert

…is given irrespective of the saturation (see below). Oxygen does not relieve breathlessness in a patient who is not hypoxaemic. Breathlessness without hypoxaemia is not…

…is suspicion of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open the airway…

…treatment, with a very low number needed to treat (NNT), indicating high effectiveness. Although BLS is primarily developed for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)…

…0.4 0.8 2.1 Table 1. Survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest due to external causes ( Kitamura et al). References DeBehnke DJ…

…DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic and arterial blood gas response to asphyxiation: a canine model of pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 1995; 30:16975…

…DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic and arterial blood gas response to asphyxiation: a canine model of pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 1995;30:16975…

…long axis. This cell architecture is referred to as a syncytium , which implies that the entire network of cells functions as one unit. If one…

…be stimulated in order to evoke an action potential. Upon stimulation, sodium (Na+) channels open which causes a rapid influx of sodium and depolarizes the…

…DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic and arterial blood gas response to asphyxiation: a canine model of pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 1995; 30:16975…

…as the difference between ESV and EDV, which is equivalent to the width of the loop in Figure 1. The area within the loop is…

…the threshold, but the threshold varies between regions. Infection of the skin over the puncture site. Marked haemodynamic instability — stabilise the patient first. CT before…

…valve opens. The time interval between aortic valve closure and mitral valve opening is the isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) . The ability of the myocardium to…