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Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…digital block Anaesthetise from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side…

Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations

…TTE) examination and it is in line with guidelines issued by ASE, EACVI and BSE. External resources Guidelines from ASE (American Society of Echocardiography) Guidelines…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…inspection of the legs and feet. A systolic blood pressure difference between the arms exceeding 15 mmHg is associated with a 50% higher risk of…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…Assessment of prolapse. Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…poorer absorption. Injection into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…a shorter duration of effect. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline , 2–5 mL. Needles: 21–25 G, 40 mm for subacromial and trochanteric injection…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…of dyspnoea, cough and sputum in particular that exceeds the patient's normal variation and requires a change of treatment. Common precipitants are viral infection…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…individuals the infection may be severe and deadly. Importantly, COVID 19 has caused an unprecedented number of severe and deadly infections among young and apparently…

Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks)

…bradycardia is caused by beta blockers. Adrenaline (Epinephrine) α and β agonist Infusion of 2–10 μg/min (titrate as needed). T½ 5 min…

Central venous catheter

…the most stable dressing, lowest risk of infection and thrombosis with prolonged dwell time Highest risk of pneumothorax, the vessel cannot be compressed after arterial…

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