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Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…or a damaged nail fold edge Nail avulsion and inspection of the nail bed, with suture of any nail bed laceration Contraindications There are no…

Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations

…volumes to body surface area). Heart rate and blood pressure Heart rate and blood pressure have implications for Doppler studies and evaluation of hemodynamic parameters…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…should include: palpation of peripheral pulses; auscultation for carotid, femoral, and abdominal bruits; bilateral brachial blood pressure measurement; cardiac auscultation; inspection of the legs and…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum. Routine gynaecological examination of asymptomatic…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…poorer absorption. Injection into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

Procedurer A corticosteroid injection into soft tissue gives rapid but time limited pain relief and rarely alters the natural history of the disease. In lateral…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…in particular that exceeds the patient's normal variation and requires a change of treatment. Common precipitants are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…in some individuals the infection may be severe and deadly. Importantly, COVID 19 has caused an unprecedented number of severe and deadly infections among young…

Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks)

…condition and should be managed urgently. The risk of cardiogenic shock is high and pharmacological interventions are often futile. A transcutaneous pacemaker is often necessary…

Central venous catheter

…never happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant solutions: vasopressors, concentrated…

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