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Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…ventricular tachycardia, which may degenerate into ventricular fibrillation at any age. Exercise, or any other activity causing adrenergic stimulation, increase the risk of syncope, ventricular…

🟠 Clonidine

…of the medulla result in the blood pressure lowering effect. Effects Potent blood pressure lowering effect. Pain relief. Delivery IV, IM, PO, transdermal Dose Injection…

Short Synacthen test

…The test measures the ability of the adrenal cortex to respond to maximal ACTH stimulation, and it is rarely the injection itself that determines whether…

Edrophonium test

…nerve stimulation with a decrement ≥ 10 % at 3 Hz, sensitivity about 75 %; single fibre EMG about 95 %). Contraindications Known hypersensitivity to edrophonium. Mechanical obstruction of…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…clinical site of action—the coronary artery perfusing the AV node—before the drug is eliminated. A flush should immediately follow the bolus injection to…

Central venous catheter

…Catheter length: the right internal jugular vein requires the shortest catheter, while left sided and femoral insertions require longer ones — check the length in the…

Nasogastric tube

…a fracture in the cribriform plate into the cranium Absolute Corrosive injury of the oesophagus or stomach after ingestion of a caustic substance Absolute Choanal…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…safe triangle (Figure 1). Outside it the risk of injuring the diaphragm, liver, spleen or internal thoracic artery increases. For diagnostic aspiration the point chosen…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…Etiologies of tension pneumothorax include: Traumatic injuries (blunt force, lacerations, gunshot wounds) Asthmatic episodes Iatrogenic events (e.g., during central venous catheter insertion) Underlying lung…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…Infection or burns over the puncture site. Osteogenesis imperfecta and severe osteoporosis (relative). An inability to identify the landmarks. Choice of vein and cannula size…

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