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Short Synacthen test

…The test measures the ability of the adrenal cortex to respond to maximal ACTH stimulation, and it is rarely the injection itself that determines whether…

🟠 Clonidine

…transdermal Dose Injection IV: • 150 μg in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5…

Edrophonium test

…to 5–10 minutes after the injection . 7. Stop the test in the event of bradycardia, bronchospasm, marked salivation or increasing weakness, and give atropine…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…stimulated adenylate cyclase. This inhibition decreases the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn reduces the L type calcium current (Ica.L) and…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…may degenerate into ventricular fibrillation at any age. Exercise, or any other activity causing adrenergic stimulation, increase the risk of syncope, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden…

Central venous catheter

…the most stable dressing, lowest risk of infection and thrombosis with prolonged dwell time Highest risk of pneumothorax, the vessel cannot be compressed after arterial…

Nasogastric tube

…passages and choose the more patent one. Ask the patient about a previous nasal fracture or unilateral nasal obstruction. 2. Measure the depth of insertion…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…lack of lung tissue) and its impact on cardiac function. Clinically, patients may present with: Absent breath sounds on the affected side Crepitus Subcutaneous emphysema…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…in three lengths: short for children and slim limbs, medium for most adults, long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus…

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