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Central venous catheter

…of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant solutions: vasopressors, concentrated potassium, cytotoxic drugs, parenteral nutrition. The need for several simultaneous, incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other…

Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks)

…choice of device therapy and also suggest whether other interventions (e.g. heart failure management, evaluation for coronary artery disease, etc .) are warranted. Management of…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…known risk of bradycardia. Transvenous pacing is chosen when the need is more than brief: continuing pacing dependence, inadequate or unachievable transcutaneous capture, or when…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…Other microorganisms, generally, cause subacute endocarditis. Endocarditis can affect native (own) valves and valve prostheses. As always, foreign materials pose a high risk of infection…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…is more than mild. 6. Assess the indication for antibiotics on the basis of sputum purulence, the other cardinal symptoms and the severity of the…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…modification of loading, eccentric exercise, an NSAID, an orthosis — has not given a sufficient effect. Contraindications Absolute: Cellulitis, a skin wound or other infection over…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…and other viral respiratory infections. However, in some individuals the infection may be severe and deadly. Importantly, COVID 19 has caused an unprecedented number of…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…Figure 1. Flowchart showing the natural course of coronary artery disease and classification of acute coronary syndromes into STEMI, NSTEMI and unstable angina using ECG…

The Cabrera format of the 12-lead ECG and inverted lead aVR

…lead ECG Numerous conditions that can be diagnosed using the 12 lead ECG require that ECG changes occur in two or more anatomically contiguous leads…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile…

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